Different thyroid hormone-deiodinating enzymes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) liver and kidney

Enzymes catalyzing the outer ring deiodination (ORD) of iodothyronines are important for the regulation of thyroid hormone bioactivity. We have studied ORD of thyroxine (T4) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) in liver and kidney microsomes of fish, i.e. tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Tilapia kidney contains an enzyme which resembles the mammalian selenoenzyme type I iodothyronine deiodinase (ID-I) with respect to substrate preference (rT3>T4) and high (almost-equal-to muM) K(m) values, but is much less sensitive to selenocysteine (Sec)-targeted inhibitors, including 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU). In contrast, tilapia liver contains an enzyme very similar to mammalian type II deiodinase (ID-II) with respect to substrate preference (T4>rT3), low (almost-equal-to nM) K(m) values, and lack of sensitivity to Sec inhibitors.status: publishe

Translational research approach to biological and modifiable risk factors of psychosis and affective disorders

Objectives. This review summarizes the literature on (molecular-) biological, medical, environmental and modifiable risk factors for psychosis and mood disorders with the view of their suitability for translational research and mental health practice from preventative and clinical treatment perspectives. Methods. This review summarized literature on biological, medical, environmental and modifiable risk factors for psychosis and mood disorders evaluating their potential for translational research and clinical practice. Results. Based on the concept of the gene – environment interaction in the development of mental disorders, we highlight the numerous risk factors reported to contribute to an increased susceptibility to schizophrenia and mood disorders of young adults to late-life. Special emphasis is placed onto the discussion on the requirement of translational and interdisciplinary research approaches integrating basic and clinical neuroscience approaches that may have important implications for future studies and clinical practice. Conclusions. Interdisciplinary research approaches integrating developmental neuroscience and policy makers are encouraged in order to achieve effective prevention and intervention programs addressing environmental, behavioural, biological factors relevant to psychiatric disorders during young ages, adulthood and aging.B.T. Baune & J. Thom