Pengaruh Penerapan Reward terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Fiqh di Mi Miftahul Jannah

Penerapan reward tentunya sangat berpengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa. Mengingat pentingnya mempelajari Pendidikan Agama Islam terutama pada mata pelajaran Fiqh, maka sangat diharapkan siswa untuk menguasai pelajaran Fiqh untuk dijadikan bekal melanjutkan ke jenjang pendidikan yang lebih tinggi. Tujuan penelitian yang dicapai adalah, 1. Untuk menegetahui penerapan reward pada mata pelajaran Fiqh di MI Miftahul Jannah Pinangraja, 2. Untuk mengetahui motivasi belajar siswa setelah diterapkannya penerapan reward di MI Miftahul Jannah Pinangraja, 3. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh setelah diterapkannya penerapan reward dalam peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa di MI Miftahul Jannah Pinangraja. Bentuk penelitian dalam skripsi ini menggunakan kuantitatif statistik. Dari hasil penelitian variable X (penerapanreward) dari hasil penyebaran angket yang disebar pada 30 siswa diperoleh rata-rata 53,33%, sedangkan hasil penelitian variable Y (Motivasi Belajar Siswa) yang diperoleh dari hasil penyebaran angket yang disebar pada 30 siswa juga diperoleh rata-rata 17,66%. Dari hasil uji perhitungan koefisien korelasi antara penerapan reward terhadap Motivasi belajar siswa, hal ini terbukti dengan diperoleh hasil perhitungan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,703 Nilai ini jika diterapkan pada skala penilaian terletak pada interval 0,800-1,000, yang berarti hubungan antar variable sangat tinggi atau kuat sekali. Diketahui persentase tinggi rendahnya pengaruh variable X terhadap variable Y sebesar 70,3%, dan 29,7% lagi dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang turut menentukan tinggi rendahnya hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran PAI. Uji signifikansi korelasiBesarnya dan dengan dk = 28 pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 sebesar 2,763 dan pada taraf signifikansi 0,01 sebesar 2,763 (lihat table distribusi t pada uji dua pihak), karena nilai lebih besar dari baik pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 maupun 0,01 maka koefisien kolerasi sebesar 0,703 dinyatakan berarti atau sangat signifikan

Evaluasi Keberadaan Trotoar di Jalan Nasional Kota Pontianak

One of the impact of increased traffic flow resulting in increased traffic problems. The condition of the facility equipment can be used as one of the identification problem of traffic safety in the area. Good road conditions must be balanced with the presence of sidewalks available well too, so that the conflict - traffic can occur between motorists with pedestrians crossing the road can terhindar.Tujuan this study was to determine and evaluate the presence of sidewalks on seven National roads are there in the city of Pontianak. Data were collected by direct observation that the data obtained by direct observation. From a survey of geometric and pavement where the seven-dimensional data obtained by the National road pavement, pavement conditions, and land use. Referring to the results of the survey, taken two national roads which have the densest pedestrian volume that is considered to represent for the survey and the number of pedestrian travel time to get the value of current, velocity, density, space, and value the level of service that is on the road pavement Kom.Yos . Sudarso and the Tanjung Pura. Based on the analysis get LOS A service level pavement on both the road pavement which means that the service is still good enough to accommodate pedestrian flow across the pavement dijalur thus considered to represent the condition of seven other national roads. The survey results and the geometric conditions of the existence of national road pavement, the existing pavement is still not optimal as broken pavement condition, the dimensions are not standardized, the placement is not maximized, and the improper use of a sidewalk that needs improvement, reviewing, and controlling pavement in order to meet the standards and can provide maximum service to its users

Lingkungan sebagai Media Pengembang Potensi dan Kreativitas dalam Belajar Matematika di SMA Negeri 10

This study aims at driving creativity in learning mathematics is enough . Samples were taken from two class XI. In this research uses descriptive qualitative data analysis of the field data, that is using exposure, a description and picture. Based on research findings, and the discussion it can be concluded that the application of the media environment as potential and creativity developers in learning mathematics can improve motivation (attention, learning time, effort, and feeling the rhythm of appearance) studied Mathematics class XI of SMAN 10 Singkawang 7.32%. Application of the environment as a learning medium improves learning outcomes Mathematics class XI of SMAN 10 Singkawang of 26.83% with a mean increase of 8.51 learning outcomes. It supports the use of the media environment as a driver of creativity in learning mathematics from students and teachers that is the high student interest of each student, the cooperation between teachers, and the dedication of the teachers in carrying out the duties of teaching

Pengembangan Model Evaluasi Pembelajaran Project Based Learning Berbasis Logika Fuzzy

Makalah ini memaparkan hasil pengembangan model evaluasi pembelajaran dari serangkaian dimensi penilaian portofolio, proyek, presentasi proyek dan tes tulis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada kegiatan praktikum teknik analog melalui model pembelajaran project based learning (PjBL). Logika fuzzy merupakan suatu alternatif alat pengambil keputusan yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk mengevaluasi hasil pembelajaran. Keputusan akhir dalam evaluasi PjBL menghasilkan proses evaluasi yang tidak kaku dan objektif karena keputusan akhir dapat ditentukan melalui proses defuzzifikasi yang sepenuhnya dilakukan menggunakan fuzzy logic toolbox. Model evaluasi berbasis logika fuzzy diharapkan mendapat trend yang baik dan bisa menjadi petunjuk untuk mengembangkan model evaluasi yang diadopsi di sekolah

Protective effect of Coriandrum sativum extract against inflammation and apoptosis in liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Coriandrum sativum extract on liver ischaemia reperfusion injury at light microscopic and biochemical levels. Materials and methods: Sham, ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), IRI + Coriandrum sativum extract and only Coriandrum sativum extract groups were formed. Sixty minutes of ischaemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion were performed. In the treatment group, 300 mg/kg/day Coriandrum sativum was given by gavage. Hepatic tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes were measured. Nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry staining was performed. Microscopic scoring was performed in terms of sinusoidal congestion, vacuolisation, and necrosis. Results: Sinusoidal enlargement and diffuse congestion, Kupffer cell increase, neutrophil increase in necrotic areas, vacuolisation in hepatocytes, and bile duct proliferation in the portal triad were observed in ischaemia/reperfusion hepatic tissue. Very rare, necrotic areas were observed in the Coriandrum sativum treatment group, while congestion and vacuolisation and bile duct proliferation were decreased compared to the ischaemic group. The AST and ALT levels were increased in the IRI and IRI + Coriandrum sativum groups. When compared to the IRI group, the AST and ALT levels of the Coriandrum sativum were considerably decreased. The IRI and IRI + Coriandrum sativum groups had statistically significant differences in ALP compared to that of the Coriandrum sativum and Sham groups. There was no significant difference between the ALP levels of the IRI and IRI + Coriandrum sativum groups TNF-α, NF-κB and caspase-3 immune positive stained hepatocytes were numerous and widely observed in the injury group. There were positive TNF-α immunohistochemical staining Kupffer cells in the IRI group. In the group treated with Coriandrum sativum, Kupffer cells were not stained, while TNF-α, NF κB and caspase-3 expressing hepatocytes were found to be decreased compared to the IRI group. When the expression values of the TNF-α, NF-κB and caspase-3 groups were evaluated statistically, it was seen that there was a significant decrease in the group treated with Coriandrum sativum. Conclusions: It was found that Coriandrum sativum extract decreased proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and apoptotic cell death and liver enzymes in liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KEDUDUKAN KREDITOR SEPARATIS DALAM KEPAILITAN (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN NO.02/PDT-SUS-GLL/2016/PN.NIAGA.JKT.PST JO PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NO.769 K/PDT.SUS-PAILIT/2016

Dalam suatu perjanjian kredit, kreditor menginginkan ada jaminan kepastian pengembalian utang oleh debitor, untuk memperoleh kepastian hukum tersebut memerlukan perlindungan dalam bentuk jaminan kebendaan. Dalam hal debitor berada dalam kepailitan, maka jaminan kebendaan memberikan hak mendahulu kepada pemegang jaminan kebendaan. Permasalahannya Apakah objek jaminan  kebendaan  atas  nama orang lain yang  menjadi jaminan  kredit debitor pailit dapat menjadi budel pailit dan Bagaimana kedudukan dan perlindungan hukum kreditor separatis memperoleh pengembalian piutang apabila debitor dinyatakan pailit. Metode penelitian menggunakan tipe penelitian normative, sifat penelitian dekriptif analistis menggunakan bahan hukum studi dokumen yang dianalisa secara kualitatif. Dalam hal debitor dinyatakan pailit dan kreditor pemegang jaminan ingin mengeksekusi objek jaminan maka haknya ditangguhkan selama 90 hari dan setelah lewat  masa stay, maka penjualan akan dilakukan oleh kurator. Kesimpulannya Benda jaminan atas nama orang lain menjadi harta pailit debitur karena secara akta perjanjian fasilitas kredit jaminan tersebut dijaminkan untuk debitor pailit bukan jaminan perorangan walaupun jaminan tersebut atas nama orang lain bukan atas nama perusahaan dan Dengan debitor dinyatakan pailit, maka kedudukan dan perlindungan hukum terhadap kreditor sparatis pemegang jaminan sesuai ketentuan Pasal 55 UUKPKPU berada dalam keadaan seolah-olah tidak terjadi kepailitan dan dapat mengeksekusi objek jaminan hanya saja hak tersebut ditangguhkan selama 90 hari.Kata Kunci : Kepailitan, kreditor separatis, perlindungan huku

Parabens Promote Protumorigenic Effects in Luminal Breast Cancer Cell Lines With Diverse Genetic Ancestry

Context One in 8 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. Yet, the burden of disease is greater in Black women. Black women have a 40% higher mortality rate than White women, and a higher incidence of breast cancer at age 40 and younger. While the underlying cause of this disparity is multifactorial, exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in hair and other personal care products has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Parabens are known EDCs that are commonly used as preservatives in hair and other personal care products, and Black women are disproportionately exposed to products containing parabens. Objective Studies have shown that parabens impact breast cancer cell proliferation, death, migration/invasion, and metabolism, as well as gene expression in vitro. However, these studies were conducted using cell lines of European ancestry; to date, no studies have utilized breast cancer cell lines of West African ancestry to examine the effects of parabens on breast cancer progression. Like breast cancer cell lines with European ancestry, we hypothesize that parabens promote protumorigenic effects in breast cancer cell lines of West African ancestry. Methods Luminal breast cancer cell lines with West African ancestry (HCC1500) and European ancestry (MCF-7) were treated with biologically relevant doses of methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben. Results Following treatment, estrogen receptor target gene expression and cell viability were examined. We observed altered estrogen receptor target gene expression and cell viability that was paraben and cell line specific. Conclusion This study provides greater insight into the tumorigenic role of parabens in the progression of breast cancer in Black women

Comparative evaluation of the chemotherapeutic efficacies of two salts of diminazene aceturate in Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected dogs

Purpose: To compare the anti-trypanosomal efficacies of 4,4-(diazoaminedibenzamidinetrihydrate) diacetate (4,4-DDBT) and 4,4-(diazoamino) benzamidine (4,4-DB) in experimental canine trypanosomosis. Methods: The efficacies of 4,4-DDBT and 4,4-DB were evaluated in 4 groups of dogs (n = 3) designated A-D. Group A was normal control without infection or drug treatment, group B did not receive any drug treatment but was infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei, while groups C and D were infected with T. b. brucei and treated with 4,4-DDBT(3.5 mg/kg) and 4,4-DB (3.5 mg/kg), respectively. Results: The incubation period of the infection was 6 - 9 days post-infection. Treatment of the dogs with 4,4-DDBT led to zero parasitaemia 48 h post-treatment, while there was only a decrease in parasitemia to log 6 in 4,4-DB-treated dogs. Resurgence of parasite into the blood stream occurred in 4,4-DDBTtreated dogs 6 days after initial parasite clearance. Blood analyses post-treatment revealed elevated leucocytes and lymphocytes in 4,4-DB-treated dogs (p < 0.05). Packed cell volume was also observed to be higher in 4,4-DDBT-treated group when compared to 4,4-DB group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that 4,4-DDBT is more efficacious in the clinical management of canine trypanosomosis caused by T. b. brucei. However, it does not prevent relapse of infection. Based on these findings, therefore, 4,4-DDBT should be the diminazene salt of choice when indicated in the clinical management of T. b. brucei infection in dogs

Trace and heavy metals analysis of Phyllanthus amarus and Phyllanthus fraternus in Ghana

Ethno-pharmacological uses and information about Phyllanthus species have prompted this work. The aim was to investigate the presence and levels of aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) in Phyllanthus amarus (PA) and Phyllanthus fraternus (PF) in Ghana. Three different extracts (hot aqueous, hot ethanol and cold ethanol) were prepared from dried powdered samples of these plants. These extracts, including the dried samples of the plants were analyzed for the presence and levels of Al, Mg, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The levels of Ni (0.43±0.24 ppm), Cr (0.35±0.04 ppm) and Cd (0.18±0.10 ppm) in both plant species were found to be very low in the dried samples plants and below the FAO/WHO maximum limits for vegetables, but were below the detectable limits of our AAS in the extract. Pb was not detected in the dried plant samples and in the extracts of the PA and PF; hence the plants may not pose serious health threat to consumers. PA and PF contain appreciable amounts of trace metals though they were all below the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limits in vegetables. The level of Fe in PA and PF (145.11±11.69 ppm and 179.94±14.60 ppm respectively) was found be to relatively high compared to the other elements analyzed. This finding makes the two plants suitable candidates for use in formulating effective remedies against iron deficiency diseases besides conferring some nutritive value to the patients.Keywords: Ethno-pharmacological, phytoextration, concentration, medicinal valu

Digital Citizenship Safety Among Children and Adolescents in Indonesia

The study on Digital Citizenship Safety among Children and Adolescents in Indonesia aims to provide vital knowledge on how children and adolescents in Indonesia use social media and digital technology, and why they use those communication channels as well as the potential risks they might face in doing so. The data collection process of the policy research had been carried out in two years, from 2011 to 2012. Results of the study are expected to guide future policies to protect the rights of children to access information and, and at the same time, to share information and express their views or ideas in digital safety. For this, a randomized sample of children and adolescents aged 10-19 (400 in total) was taken spread across the country and spanning a mixture of urban and rural areas. The study finds that social and digital media use is an integral and growing part of the everyday life of young Indonesians. Almost all of the children and adolescents surveyed know about the Internet and most of them are Internet users. For those who are not Internet users, the number is very small. the most common reasons given are that they do not have the equipment or infrastructure to access the Internet or that they are forbidden by their parents to do so. Children and adolescents tend to use personal computers to access internet at internet cafes/vendors and school computer laboratories; laptops at home; and – above all – mobile phones or smartphones during their daily activities. They have three key motivations to access the Internet: to seek information, to connect to friends (old and new) and to be entertained. Their search for information is often driven by school assignments, while their use of social media and entertainment content is driven by their personal preference. The vast majority of their communication is with their peers, followed by their teachers, and that their communication with family members on the Internet is fairly insignificant