30,685 research outputs found
Convergence in Energy-Lowering (Disordered) Stochastic Spin Systems
We consider stochastic processes, S^t \equiv (S_x^t : x \in Z^d), with each
S_x^t taking values in some fixed finite set, in which spin flips (i.e.,
changes of S_x^t) do not raise the energy. We extend earlier results of
Nanda-Newman-Stein that each site x has almost surely only finitely many flips
that strictly lower the energy and thus that in models without zero-energy
flips there is convergence to an absorbing state. In particular, the assumption
of finite mean energy density can be eliminated by constructing a
percolation-theoretic Lyapunov function density as a substitute for the mean
energy density. Our results apply to random energy functions with a
translation-invariant distribution and to quite general (not necessarily
Markovian) dynamics.Comment: 11 page
A New Theory of Consciousness: The Missing Link - Organization
What is consciousness and what is the missing link between the sensory input and the cortical centre in the brain for consciousness? In the literature there are more than a million pages written about consciousness. The perspectives range from the field of metaphysics to those of quantum mechanics. However, no one today has produced a theory which is universally accepted. Consciousness is âsomethingâ which the majority of humans know that they posses, they use it when they want to understand their environment. However, no individual human knows whether other humans also posses consciousness. unless some tests such as she is looking at me, he is talking etc., are performed. We are caught in an intellectual sort of recursive carousel â we need consciousness to understand consciousness. To understand consciousness we have to understand the mechanism of its function, which is to effectively organize sensory inputs from our environment. Consciousness is the outcome of the process of organizing these sensory inputs. This implies that organization is an act which precedes consciousness. Since every activity in nature is to organize/disorganize, what is the element which compels this action? I am proposing that just like energy is the physical element that causes action, there is another physical element I have called it NASCIUM which has the capacity to cause organization. This is the missing link. Understanding the nature of organization, i.e. nascium, will enhance our capability to understand consciousness
Clusters and Recurrence in the Two-Dimensional Zero-Temperature Stochastic Ising Model
We analyze clustering and (local) recurrence of a standard Markov process
model of spatial domain coarsening. The continuous time process, whose state
space consists of assignments of +1 or -1 to each site in , is the
zero-temperature limit of the stochastic homogeneous Ising ferromagnet (with
Glauber dynamics): the initial state is chosen uniformly at random and then
each site, at rate one, polls its 4 neighbors and makes sure it agrees with the
majority, or tosses a fair coin in case of a tie. Among the main results
(almost sure, with respect to both the process and initial state) are: clusters
(maximal domains of constant sign) are finite for times , but the
cluster of a fixed site diverges (in diameter) as ; each of the
two constant states is (positive) recurrent. We also present other results and
conjectures concerning positive and null recurrence and the role of absorbing
states.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur
myExperiment: An ontology for e-Research
myExperiment describes itself as a "Social Virtual Research Environment" that provides the ability to share Research Objects (ROs) over a social infrastructure to facilitate actioning of research. The myExperiment Ontology is a logical representation of the data model used by this environment, allowing its data to be published in a standard RDF format, whilst providing a generic extensible framework that can be reused by similar projects. ROs are data structures designed to semantically enhance research publications by capturing and preserving the research method so that it can be reproduced in the future. This paper provides some motivation for an RO specification and briefly considers how existing domain-specifific ontologies might be integrated. It concludes by discussing the future direction of the myExperiment Ontology and how it will best support these ROs
Self-organized Criticality on Small World Networks
We study the BTW-height model of self-organized criticality on a square
lattice with some long range connections giving to the lattice the character of
small world network. We find that as function of the fraction of long
ranged bonds the power law of the avalanche size and lifetime distribution
changes following a crossover scaling law with crossover exponents 2/3 and 1
for size and lifetime respectively.Comment: 7 figure
Growth and structure of Slovenia's scientific collaboration network
We study the evolution of Slovenia's scientific collaboration network from
1960 till present with a yearly resolution. For each year the network was
constructed from publication records of Slovene scientists, whereby two were
connected if, up to the given year inclusive, they have coauthored at least one
paper together. Starting with no more than 30 scientists with an average of 1.5
collaborators in the year 1960, the network to date consists of 7380
individuals that, on average, have 10.7 collaborators. We show that, in spite
of the broad myriad of research fields covered, the networks form "small
worlds" and that indeed the average path between any pair of scientists scales
logarithmically with size after the largest component becomes large enough.
Moreover, we show that the network growth is governed by near-liner
preferential attachment, giving rise to a log-normal distribution of
collaborators per author, and that the average starting year is roughly
inversely proportional to the number of collaborators eventually acquired.
Understandably, not all that became active early have till now gathered many
collaborators. We also give results for the clustering coefficient and the
diameter of the network over time, and compare our conclusions with those
reported previously.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in Journal of
Informetrics [related work available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.1018 and
http://www.matjazperc.com/sicris/stats.html
Percolation and epidemics in a two-dimensional small world
Percolation on two-dimensional small-world networks has been proposed as a
model for the spread of plant diseases. In this paper we give an analytic
solution of this model using a combination of generating function methods and
high-order series expansion. Our solution gives accurate predictions for
quantities such as the position of the percolation threshold and the typical
size of disease outbreaks as a function of the density of "shortcuts" in the
small-world network. Our results agree with scaling hypotheses and numerical
simulations for the same model.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
Central Limit Theorem for a Tagged Particle in Asymmetric Simple Exclusion
We prove a Functional Central Limit Theorem for the position of a Tagged
Particle in the one-dimensional Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process in the
hyperbolic scaling, starting from a Bernoulli product measure conditioned to
have a particle at the origin. We also prove that the position of the Tagged
Particle at time depends on the initial configuration, by the number of
empty sites in the interval divided by in the
hyperbolic and in a longer time scale, namely .Comment: 28 pages, no figure
Scientific Social Objects: The Social Objects and Multidimensional Network of the myExperiment Website
Scientific research is increasingly conducted digitally and online, and consequently we are seeing the emergence of new digital objects shared as part of the conduct and discourse of science. These Scientific Social Objects are more than lumps of domain-specific data: they may comprise multiple components which can also be shared separately and independently, and some contain descriptions of scientific processes from which new objects will be generated. Using the myExperiment social website as a case study we explore Scientific Social Objects and discuss their evolution
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