Geografie delle rappresentazioni: i migranti mappano la citt\ue0. Il caso di Genova.

The city seen through the maps created by migrants

Italiani in Brasile fra migrazione e tutela della cultura

The Authors reflect on the relations between Italy and Brazil considering the study of Italian emigration, the preservation and protection of its linguistic and cultural traditions.Los autores reflexionan sobre las relaciones entre Italia y Brasil considerando el estudio de la emigración italiana, la preservación y protección de sus tradiciones lingüísticas y culturales.Gli Autori riflettono sulle relazioni fra l’Italia e il Brasile considerando lo studio della emigrazione italiana, la preservazione e la tutela delle tradizioni linguistiche e culturali

PERFIL INOVADOR E O PERFIL EMPREENDEDOR: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO SETOR METALMECÂNICO

No atual contexto competitivo, desafios e incertezas cercam as organizações e, por seguinte, desafiam seus decisores. Estes precisam ter a capacidade de identificar novas possibilidades de negócio, novas melhorias em processos e produtos, saibam trabalhar de maneira eficaz com recursos muitas vezes limitados. Além disso, espera-se que os executivos sejam capazes de administrar as mudanças e trazer retorno à organização e aos seus parceiros, com vistas a manter e melhorar suas relações no mercado. Para alcançar esses objetivos, os gestores precisam aliar características empreendedoras e inovadoras no exercício de suas funções. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar os elementos que caracterizam o perfil empreendedor e o perfil inovador nas duas maiores empresas metalmecânicas de Caxias do Sul, bem como identificar se seus gestores, vinculados a áreas onde surgem as inovações, possuem características empreendedoras. Optou-se pela pesquisa de caráter qualitativo e exploratório, onde utilizou-se o método de estudo de caso. A análise estabeleceu um paralelo entre os conceitos que envolvem o perfil empreendedor e o perfil inovador por meio do comportamento dos principais decisores no processo de inovação dessas empresas. Foram aplicados questionários estruturados e auto administrados, com perguntas abertas, ao gerente comercial e ao diretor de Engenharia de cada empresa. Como conclusão, os resultados mostraram que esses gestores, além de possuírem perfil inovador, também possuem características empreendedoras, demonstrando que há indícios de uma aproximação entre esses dois perfis e conceitos.</p

Androgen Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer: What Differences Between Primary Tumor and Metastases?

Genomic studies have shown that the androgen receptor (AR) pathway plays an important role in some breast cancer subtypes. However few data are present on the concordance between AR expression in primary tumors and metastases. We investigated AR expression by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 164 primary tumors and 83 metastases, to explore its distribution in the different tumor subtypes and its concordance between the two sample types and according to sampling time. AR was more highly expressed in luminal A and B than HER2-positive and triple negative primary tumors. A similar distribution was found in metastases, and the concordance of AR expression between primary tumors and metastases was greater than 60%. No association between sampling time and AR expression was observed. We found a good concordance of AR expression between primary tumor and metastasis, but the variability remains high between the two types of specimens, regardless of the variation in sampling time. For this reason, if used for treatment decisions, AR evaluation should be repeated in each patient whenever a new biopsy is performed, as commonly done for the other breast cancer biomarkers

Long-term vemurafenib therapy in advanced melanoma patients: cutaneous toxicity and prognostic implications

Background: The introduction of targeted therapies for the treatment of BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma was associated with different cutaneous adverse events (AEs). Objectives: To describe the type, frequency and severity of cutaneous AEs related to vemurafenib; to understand the association between AEs and vemurafenib efficacy in terms of median overall survival (OS) and median progression-free survival (PFS); to identify molecular characteristics of long-term responders. Methods: This observational, retrospective, monocentric study included all consecutive patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma and BRAF V600E mutation that started treatment with vemurafenib between May 2012 and May 2014. Results: 62 patients with a median age of 56 years (range 26\u201382) were enrolled and received vemurafenib for a median period of 7.9 months (range 0.8\u201363.7). Among them, 45 patients presented at least one skin AE, 12 reduced the dosage due to cutaneous toxicity, and only one firstly reduced and after stopped the therapy. No specific molecular biomarkers were detected in long-term survivors. Conclusions: Among long-term survivors, skin AEs seem to be less frequent and less severe. Results on multivariable analysis revealed that the presence of at least one G2 toxicity is a protective factor considering PFS, but not in terms of OS

Androgen receptor in advanced breast cancer: is it useful to predict the efficacy of anti-estrogen therapy?

Abstract Background Androgen receptor (AR) is widely expressed in breast cancer (BC) but its role in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors is still controversial. The AR/ER ratio has been reported to impact prognosis and response to antiestrogen endocrine therapy (ET). Methods We assessed whether AR in primary tumors and/or matched metastases is a predictor of efficacy of first-line ET in advanced BC. Patients who had received first-line ET (2002–2011) were recruited, while those given concomitant chemotherapy or trastuzumab or pretreated with > 2 lines of chemotherapy were excluded. ER, progesterone receptor (PgR), Ki67 and AR expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry, and HER2 mainly by fluorescent in-situ hybridization. Cut-offs of 1 and 10% immunostained cells were used to categorize AR expression. Results Among 102 evaluable patients, biomarkers were assessed in primary tumors in 70 cases and in metastases in 49, with 17 patients having both determinations. The overall concordance rate between primary tumors and metastases was 64.7% (95% CI 42%-87.4%) for AR status. AR status did not affect TTP significantly, whereas PgR and Ki67 status did. AR/PgR ≥0.96 was associated with a significantly shorter TTP (HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.05-2.61, p = 0.028). AR status in primary tumors or metastases was not associated with progressive disease (PD) as best response. In contrast, Ki67 ≥ 20% and PgR < 10% showed a statistically significant association with PD as best response. Conclusions AR expression does not appear to be useful to predict the efficacy of ET in advanced BC, whereas Ki67 and PgR exert a greater impact on its efficacy

Androgen Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer: What Differences Between Primary Tumor and Metastases?

Genomic studies have shown that the androgen receptor (AR) pathway plays an important role in some breast cancer subtypes. However few data are present on the concordance between AR expression in primary tumors and metastases. We investigated AR expression by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 164 primary tumors and 83 metastases, to explore its distribution in the different tumor subtypes and its concordance between the two sample types and according to sampling time. AR was more highly expressed in luminal A and B than HER2-positive and triple negative primary tumors. A similar distribution was found in metastases, and the concordance of AR expression between primary tumors and metastases was greater than 60%. No association between sampling time and AR expression was observed. We found a good concordance of AR expression between primary tumor and metastasis, but the variability remains high between the two types of specimens, regardless of the variation in sampling time. For this reason, if used for treatment decisions, AR evaluation should be repeated in each patient whenever a new biopsy is performed, as commonly done for the other breast cancer biomarkers