68 research outputs found
Resonant shifts of positronium energy levels in MgO powder
We report measurements of shifts in the frequencies of 13S1â23PJ and 23PJân3D/n3S transitions optically driven in positronium atoms while they are inside the open volumes of MgO smoke powder. The observed intervals are larger than the corresponding vacuum excitations, but, surprisingly, the transitions to Rydberg states are less strongly affected, and the energy shifts exhibit no dependence on the principal quantum number n of the final state. We attribute these shifts to resonant interactions between Ps atoms and MgO surfaces, mediated via spectrally overlapping MgO ultra violet (UV) photo-luminescent absorption bands. Since many insulating materials suitable for Ps confinement exhibit similar broadband UV absorption characteristics, the observed phenomena have implications for optical diagnostics and laser cooling schemes of relevance to studies of high-density Ps ensembles in insulating cavities, including the production of a Ps Bose-Einstein condensate
Observation of asymmetric line shapes in precision microwave spectroscopy of the positronium 2S13â2PJ3 ( J=1,2 ) fine-structure intervals
We report new measurements of the positronium (Ps)
2
3
S
1
â
2
3
P
J
fine-structure intervals,
ν
J
(
J
=
0
,
1
,
2
). In the experiments, Ps atoms, optically excited to the radiatively metastable
2
3
S
1
level, flew through microwave radiation fields tuned to drive transitions to the short-lived
2
3
P
J
levels, which were detected via the time spectrum of subsequent ground-state Ps annihilation radiation. Both the
ν
1
and
ν
2
line shapes were found to be asymmetric, which, in the absence of a complete line-shape model, prevents accurate determination of these fine-structure intervals. Conversely, the
ν
0
line shape did not exhibit any significant asymmetry; the observed interval, however, was found to disagree with QED theory by 4.2 standard deviations
Measurement of the annihilation decay rate of 2ÂłSâ positronium
We report a measurement of the annihilation decay rate of 2 3S1 positronium (Ps)
atoms, Îexp(2 3S1). Ground state atoms optically excited to radiatively metastable 2 3S1 states
were quenched via Stark mixing by the application of a time-delayed electric field. Rapid radiative
decay of the Stark mixed states to the ground state, followed by self-annihilation, was observed via
the annihilation radiation time spectrum, and used to determine the number of excited state atoms
remaining at different times, and hence the decay rate. We obtain Îexp(2 3S1) = 843 Âą 72 kHz, in
broad agreement with the Zeeman-shifted theoretical value of 890 kHz
Multiring electrostatic guide for Rydberg positronium
We report the results of experiments in which positronium (Ps) atoms, optically excited to Rydberg-Stark states with principal quantum numbers ranging from
n
=
13
to 19, were transported along the axis of a multiring electrode structure. By applying alternate positive and negative potentials to the ring electrodes, inhomogeneous electric fields suitable for guiding low-field-seeking atoms along the guide axis were generated. The multiring configuration used has the advantage that once the atoms are confined within it appropriate time-varying fields can be generated for deceleration and trapping. However, in this type of structure the possibility of nonadiabatic transitions of the fast (100 km/s) Ps atoms to unconfined high-field-seeking states exists. We show that for typical guiding fields this is not a significant loss mechanism and that efficient Ps transport can be achieved. Our data are in accordance with a Landau-Zener analysis of adiabatic transport through the field minima and Monte Carlo simulations that take into account Ps velocity distributions, electric dipole moments, and lifetimes, as well as the electric-field distributions in the guide
State-selective electric-field ionization of Rydberg positronium
We report experiments in which positronium (Ps) atoms, optically excited to Rydberg states with principal quantum numbers
n
in the range 18â25, were selectively ionized by both static and pulsed electric fields. The experiments were modeled using Monte Carlo simulations that include tunnel ionization rates calculated for hydrogen and scaled by the Ps reduced mass. Our measurements exhibit a small disagreement with the calculated tunnel ionization rates. Despite this we show that the electric fields in which different Ps states are ionized are sufficiently separated to allow selective field-ionization methods to be used in typical experimental conditions
Velocity selection of Rydberg positronium using a curved electrostatic guide
We report experiments in which a slow Rydberg positronium (Ps) beam was produced by velocity selection
using a curved electrostatic quadrupole guide. Ps atoms in Rydberg-Stark states with principal quantum number
n = 14 were prepared by a two-color optical excitation process in a uniform electric field. Low-field-seeking
Stark states were produced at the entrance of a 0.6-m-long quadrupole guide that includes a 45⌠bend, and were
detected at the end of the guide via their annihilation Îł radiation. The mean speed (kinetic energy) of atoms
entering the guide was estimated to be â180 km sâ1 (185 meV), whereas the mean longitudinal speed of guided
atoms was measured via time of flight and found to be â90 km sâ1, equivalent to a kinetic energy of 45 meV. The
measured transport data are in broad agreement with Monte Carlo simulations, which are also used to establish
the efficacy with which the arrangement we describe could be used to perform Ps-atom scattering measurements
Positronium emission from MgO smoke nanocrystals
We report experiments in which positronium (Ps) atoms were created in a thick layer of MgO
smoke powder deposited on a thin silicon nitride substrate. The experimental arrangement was
such that a positron beam could be implanted directly into the top of the MgO layer or be
transmitted through the substrate, allowing Ps to be produced within â100 nm or 30 Îźm of the
powder-vacuum interface. The transverse kinetic energy of Ps atoms emitted into vacuum was
measured via the Doppler broadening of 13
S1 2 3PJ transitions, and found to be
Ex â 350 meV, regardless of how far Ps atoms had traveled through the powder layer. Our data
are not consistent with the model in which energetic Ps atoms emitted into the internal free
volume of a porous material are cooled via multiple surface collisions, and instead indicate that
in nanocrystals lower energy Ps is generated, with negligible subsequent cooling in the large
open volumes of the powder. Our experiments also demonstrate that SiN substrates coated with
MgO smoke can provide a simple and inexpensive method for producing Ps transmission targets
Exploring the patterns of alpine vegetation of Eastern Bhutan: a case study from the Merak Himalaya
Role of Alfuzosin in Ureteral Stent Related Urinary Symptoms Score: A Comparative Study
Background: Ureteral stent placement is a routine urological procedure. However, patients inserted with ureteral stent exhibited increased urinary symptoms that compromise patientsâ quality of life.
Objective: To assess the efficacy of alpha blockers (Alfuzosin) in the management of ureteral stent related urinary symptoms.
Methods: Total of 60 patients after ureteral stent insertion was randomly divided into two equal groups; 30 in alfuzosin group and the remaining 30 in control group. Urinary symptoms questionnaire was filled after two weeks and results were statistically analyzed.
Results: Urinary symptoms like urgency, frequency and flank pain were significantly less in the alfuzosin group when compared with control group.
Conclusion: Alpha blocker (Alfuzosin) was found to be effective in reducing ureteral stent related urinary symptoms.
Journal of Gandaki Medical College
Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017, page: 28-3
Clinical profile and outcome of neonates admitted to the Neonatal Care Unit in a rural teaching Hospital
Objectives: Neonatal morbidity and mortality rates reflect efficiency of health services of a country. This study was conducted to identify the clinical profile, pattern of diseases and common causes of mortality and morbidity in neonates admitted to neonatology unit.
Methods: The study was conducted in Neonatal Unit of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla for a period of one year from 1st May 2017 to 30th April 2018. Data of all admitted patients were reviewed and analyzed in terms of gender, gestational age, age at presentation, weight, cause of admission and their outcome. Diagnosis was made on clinical examination, radiological findings and laboratory investigations. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results: Out of 153 neonates admitted during the study period, 2 were excluded because of deficient record. Full-term neonates were 122(80.7%) while preterm were 29 (19.3%). Low birth weight (LBW) babies were 32 (21.18%).Neonatal sepsis 91 (60.26%) was the most common cause of hospital admissions followed by meconium aspiration syndrome 21(13.9%) and prematurity 10(6.62%). Out of 151 newborns, 112 babies (74.1%) were discharged after improvement, 15(9.93%) left against medical advice, 13(8.6%) babies were referred to higher centers for intensive care and there were 9 (5.9%) mortalities and 2(1.3%) got absconded.
Conclusion: The majority of neonatal morbidity is due to sepsis, prematurity and respiratory causes. All these causes are preventable to some extent and, can be effectively treated in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Keywords: New Born, Mortality, Admission, Sepsi
- âŚ