Functional compartmentalization of Rad9 and Hus1 reveals diverse assembly of the 9-1-1 complex components during the DNA damage response in Leishmania

The Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 (9-1-1) complex is a key component in the coordination of DNA damage sensing, cell cycle progression and DNA repair pathways in eukaryotic cells. This PCNA-related trimer is loaded onto RPA-coated single stranded DNA and interacts with ATR kinase to mediate effective checkpoint signaling to halt the cell cycle and to promote DNA repair. Beyond these core activities, mounting evidence suggests that a broader range of functions can be provided by 9-1-1 structural diversification. The protozoan parasite Leishmania is an early-branching eukaryote with a remarkably plastic genome, which hints at peculiar genome maintenance mechanisms. Here, we investigated the existence of homologs of the 9-1-1 complex subunits in L. major and found that LmRad9 and LmRad1 associate with chromatin in response to replication stress and form a complex in vivo with LmHus1. Similar to LmHus1, LmRad9 participates in telomere homeostasis and in the response to both replication stress and double strand breaks. However, LmRad9 and LmHus1-deficient cells present markedly opposite phenotypes, which suggest their functional compartmentalization. We show that some of the cellular pool of LmRad9 forms an alternative complex and that some of LmHus1 exists as a monomer. We propose that the diverse assembly of the Leishmania 9-1-1 subunits mediates functional compartmentalization, which has a direct impact on the response to genotoxic stress

Prediction of Black Globe Humidity Index in Poultry Buildings

A computer model was developed to predict the black globe humidity index (BGHI) to simulate different resultant conditions in designing poultry buildings. The simulated BGHI values were compared to experimental measurements, obtained in a poultry facility at Viçosa, MG, Brazil, giving a mean deviation of 1.31 %. The model was then used to predict BGHI values as affected by roof slopes of 25º, 30º, and 35º, and column heights of 3.0 and 3.5 m. The results showed that BGHI can be reduced by 0.12 units per 5º increase in roof slope, or 0.10 units per 0.5 m increase in column height. The maximum reduction of BGHI, 0.33 units, was obtained when comparing the extreme conditions of 25º roof slope and 3.0 m height vs. 35º slope and 3.5 m height

Colorimetric change of assai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) after preservation and thermal processing of the fruit.

Amazonian areas is far from the consumer center. Those characteristics promote a decline in visual quality of the fruit at the time of commercialization and consequently of the beverage processed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the assai fruit conservation and heat treatment, usually applied before its transformation into a pulp or beverage by artisan processing. Assai fruits were collected in 2013 in Mazagão, Brazil, packed in polypropylene bags, vacuum sealed and refrigerated (8-10°C) during four days. The treatments consisted of i.) fruits packed under vacuum (T1), ii.) fruits softening with potable water at 45°C for 20 minutes before bleaching (T2), ii.) fruits which have not been softened before bleaching (T3), iii.) fruits bleached at 80°C for 10 seconds (T4) (Rogez et al., 1996) and iv.) packaged fruit pulps prepared in the presence (T5) and iv). absence of vacuum (T6). The instrumental color of fruits and pulps was evaluated by colorimeter CR- 400 Konica Minolta. Fruit pulp preserved in vacuum (T5) showed the darkest luminosity (L*29.39), well as a more reddish color (a*8.51) and also more blue (b*-4.10). Considering ?E 12.55, there was a significant difference between vacuum packed fruit (T1) and without vacuum fruit pulps (T6). Otherwise, pulps from vacuum packed fruits (T5) and ones with absence of vacuum packed fruits (T6) also presented statistical difference (?E 7.80). The highest value C* was observed in vacuum packed pulps (T5) (9.45), which presented with a brighter and stronger color than the fruit pulp without vacuum (T6) (C*7.01). Regarding H°hue, the pulp from fruits without vacuum (T6) showed higher values (H°78.36) when compared to the pulp from fruits under vacuum (T5) (H°73.84). Compared to thermal processing, bleaching was not statistically influenced by purity of the color (C*) of softened fruit pulps (T2) (C*8.50) and fruit pulps that were not softening (T3) (C*8.00). The highest total color difference was observed in the bleached pulps that were previously softened (T4) (?E12.85). Assai fruits vacuum packed retain the best attributes of drink produced. Softening of the fruit before bleaching also influences the change in color of the drink, which may represent significant quality loss for the product and value for the merchant and consumers.UP371

Florestas estacionais no Pantanal, considerações florísticas e subsídios para conservação.

Foi feita uma atualização do conhecimento sobre Florestas Estacionais no Pantanal, em grande parte baseado em dados dos Projetos PROBIO-Pantanal e GeoMS. É apresentado um mapa com as principais manchas de florestas e contatos florísticos, baseado em imagens de satélite e uma tabela comparativa, com 60 espécies. No Pantanal ocorrem poucas áreas grandes de Florestas Estacionais: Matas do Cedro, do Fuzil, do Bebe (RPPN do SESC) e do Soldado, e outras menores espalhadas tais como os capões do Abobral e SE da Nhecolândia, cordilheiras no Sul de Poconé, Aquidauana, Miranda, Nabileque e Porto Murtinho, total estimado de 6.256,4 km2. A maioria das áreas encontra-se no norte do Pantanal nas Bacias dos rios Cuiabá, São Lourenço e Paraguai; no sul apenas o baixo Taquari apresenta uma grande área (matas do Fuzil e do Cedro). Essas áreas provavelmente se formaram devido a um efeito de represamento das águas dos rios com conseqüente junção de grandes diques aluviais. De modo geral essas grandes áreas de floresta estacional estão associadas a solos do tipo Vertissolo e Plintossolo. A composição florística varia entre matas, p. ex., as principais espécies são: Attalea phalerata nas matas do Bebe e de ?salina? (lagoa alcalina), Phyllostylon rhamnoides na do Cedro, Caesalpinia pluviosa na de Miranda, Myracrodruon urundeuva no Abobral e Pisonia zapallo na do Soldado, enquanto em Porto Murtinho há transição para o Chaco. A conservação das florestas estacionais deve ser uma preocupação das autoridades ambientais relacionadas ao Pantanal, uma vez que são poucas áreas dentro do Pantanal e certamente têm importância estratégica.GeoPantanal 2009. Publicado também em: Geografia, Rio Claro, v. 34, p. 697-707, dez. 2009

Quantitative Trait Loci mapping for sugar-related traits in sweet sorghum based on high-density SNP markers : P0187

Sweet sorghum, a C4 tropical grass, is becoming an important bioenergy crop. Characterizing quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling sugar content in its stem can lead to the identification of target regions for molecular breeding programs. These QTLs may be conserved in related species such as sugarcane, expanding their potential usefulness for bioenergy production. In this study, 223 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the sweet sorghum parents, Brandes and Wray, were genotyped-by-sequencing (GBS). A lattice experiment with three replicates was established for evaluating three sugar related traits: soluble solids content (BRIX, in °Brix), sucrose content (POL, in %), and reducing sugars (RSU, in %). Phenotypic analysis and QTL scanning were conducted using mixed and general linear models approaches, using the softwares GenStat and TASSEL, respectively. GBS provided wide genome coverage, with ~1200 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) per chromosome. Major QTLs were detected for BRIX and POL on chromosome 3, and for RSU on chromosome 4, explaining up to 20.8%, 18.9% and 15.5% of the phenotypic variance. False discovery rate correction suggested that QTLs were co-located on chromosome 1 for all traits as well. The QTLs identified here will be further investigated for possible use in marker-assisted selection targeting biofuel production in sweet sorghum. (Résumé d'auteur

Efeitos da aplicação do efluente municipal tratado sobre os atributos químicos do substrato da gérbera.

Este estudo visa avaliar os efeitos da aplicação do efluente municipal tratado sobre os atributos químicos do substrato cultivado da gérbera em ambiente protegido, no período de julho a outubro de 2007, em Teresina, PI. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Foram aplicados diferentes volumes de água residuária tratada associados a fertilizantes químicos (N e K2O). Os elementos que apresentaram maior aumento, após a aplicação do efluente tratado ocorreram no tratamento com apenas volume de água residuária: pH (5,24 para 5,76), Ca2+(1,71 para 3,14 cmolc dm-3), Mg2+ (1,03 para 1,44 cmolc dm-3) e S (3,11 para 4,87 cmolc dm-3). A aplicação do efluente doméstico tratado no substrato cultivado não ocasionou alterações nos atributos químicos que viessem a provocar efeitos prejudiciais na cultura da gérbera

Identificação de fontes de resistência à ferrugem Polissora em milho e desenvolvimento de população de mapeamento.

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