Metodologia de avaliação do trabalho na atenção primária à saúde Methodology for assessment of activities in primary health care

No presente trabalho, realiza-se um estudo de caso, no qual se analisa o processo de avaliação de ações assistenciais em uma unidade básica de saúde, no sentido de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de metodologias de avaliação do trabalho assistencial e de proposição de categorias orientadoras desses processos de avaliação, tendo como base o processo de trabalho. Este estudo foi desenvolvido no Centro de Saúde Escola da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, tomando como seu material empírico as avaliações das ações assistenciais dirigidas ao pronto-atendimento e ao atendimento programático de pacientes crônicos (hipertensos e diabéticos). A análise dessas avaliações, que apreenderam diferentes momentos constituintes do processo de trabalho (objetos do trabalho, atuação dos agentes, análise dos meios de trabalho, produto do trabalho), sugerem a necessidade da elaboração de categorias analíticas que operacionalizem a apreensão desse processo, articulando cada momento à sua totalidade. As categorias analíticas propostas são: 1) operacionalidade, como medida da efetivação das ações propostas; 2) efetividade estratégica, como medida do alcance dos resultados apreensíveis nos usuários e/ou na população, atribuíveis às ações realizadas.<br>A case study assessed health care activities in a primary health care facility to help develop methodologies of care work assessment and of the proposal of leading categories for the said processes, based on the work process. This study was developed at the Centro de Saúde Escola of the Faculdade de Medicina of the Universidade de São Paulo, using as empirical material the assessment of the care activities aimed at the emergency care and programmed care of 'chronic' patients (patients suffering from hypertension and diabetes). The analysis of these assessments which considered different moments of the work process (working objects, activity of agents, analysis of the working means and result of the work) suggest the need of creating analytical categories that will make workable the understanding of this process, inserting each moment to the work as a whole. The analytical categories proposed are: 1) workability as a means of making effective the proposed actions; 2) strategic effectiveness as a measure of the scope of the results that have been observed among patients and/or the population and that can be the result of the actions performed

Eye Gaze and Head Posture Jointly Influence Judgments of Dominance, Physical Strength, and Anger

Social status hierarchies are a universal principle of organization in human societies. Status judgments are often influenced by perceptions of the face and posture. Two important nonverbal cues of social status are head postures and eye gaze. Prior research has shown contradictory results and little is known about the interaction of these two cues. Study 1 investigated how eye gaze (direct vs. averted) and head postures (bowed vs. neutral vs. raised) impact judgments of dominance and physical strength. Judgments of dominance were influenced more than judgments of physical strength. Furthermore, raised heads implied dominance and strength, but in contrast to common assumptions, a bowed head conveyed dominance if the eyes gazed at the observer. Study 2 showed that bowed heads with direct gaze conveyed anger, potentially explaining the increased judgments of dominance. Taken together, the results show that head posture and gaze interactively modulated status-related traits and emotions, namely, dominance, strength, and anger, and help clarify prior incompatible findings on head postures and eye gaze. This is a pre-print of an article published in Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-018-0276-

Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans SS3 presents little RNA transcript response related to cold stress during growth at 8 A degrees C suggesting it is a eurypsychrophile

Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans is an acidophilic bacterium that represents a substantial proportion of the microbial community in a low temperature mining waste stream. Due to its ability to grow at temperatures below 15 °C, it has previously been classified as ‘psychrotolerant’. Low temperature-adapted microorganisms have strategies to grow at cold temperatures such as the production of cold acclimation proteins, DEAD/DEAH box helicases, and compatible solutes plus increasing their cellular membrane fluidity. However, little is known about At. ferrivorans adaptation strategies employed during culture at its temperature extremes. In this study, we report the transcriptomic response of At. ferrivorans SS3 to culture at 8 °C compared to 20 °C. Analysis revealed 373 differentially expressed genes of which, the majority were of unknown function. Only few changes in transcript counts of genes previously described to be cold adaptation genes were detected. Instead, cells cultured at cold (8 °C) altered the expression of a wide range of genes ascribed to functions in transcription, translation, and energy production. It is, therefore, suggested that a temperature of 8 °C imposed little cold stress on At. ferrivorans, underlining its adaptation to growth in the cold as well as suggesting it should be classified as a ‘eurypsychrophile’