21 research outputs found
Development of a nuclear diagnosing proton beam for a collective ion accelerator
A nuclear method for determination of energy and intensity of a proton beam is proposed to use for investigation
of collective ion acceleration by space charge waves arisen in an intense relativistic electron beam (REB) at its temporal
and spatial modulation. It is proposed to register the proton beam by using nuclear reactions 11Π(Ρ,Ξ±)
8ΠΠ΅,
9Πe(Ρ,Ξ±)
6Li at the proton beam assistance to produce alpha particles, which should be detected with solid state detectors.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄Π°, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ 11Π(Ρ,Ξ±) 8ΠΠ΅, 9Πe(Ρ,Ξ±) 6Li ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°-ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠΊΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ.
ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΉ
11Π(Ρ,Ξ±)
8ΠΠ΅,
9Πe(Ρ,Ξ±)
6Li ΠΏΡΠΈ
Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°-ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
Measurement of distribution function of REB, used in collective ion accelerator
The parameters of the intense relativistic electron beam (REB), being a base element of the ion accelerator concept,
were measured at the exit of the first section of a collective ion accelerator. The experimental studies of a REB current
passing through metal foils of a different thickness were carried out. Using the obtained dependence of beam current attenuation on the foil thickness and the calibration curves (tables) of the dependence of penetration lengths on the particle energy, the energy distribution function of REB electrons was determined and it is represented as a histogram. The kind of
plasma resulting in a short circuit of the magnetically-insulated diode was determined.Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²
ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° (Π ΠΠ), ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΡ Π ΠΠ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌ (ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΌ) Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π³Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊ, Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π ΠΠ ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΈΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°.Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²
ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° (Π ΠΠ), ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ
ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π ΠΠ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΈ
ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
(ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ) Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΠ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°
Formation of periodical magnetic fields by sequence of rings with different electric and magnetic properties
The electrodynamics analysis of topography of magnetic fields originating in spatially periodic system is carried
out. The system under investigation is the solenoid inside which rings made from materials differ in electric and
magnetic properties are periodically placed. The system of equations connecting amplitudes of spatial harmonics of
the field is obtained. This system is parsed numerically. Requirements are determined when in the spatial structure
of a magnetic field the dominating role is played by the main harmonic. The amplitudes of longitudinal and transverse components of the modulated magnetic field as a function of the ring sizes, current frequency, magnetic and
electric properties of rings materials are investigated. The amplitudes of the fields obtained in the full electrodynamics consideration are compared with the amplitudes of a periodic magnetic field, obtained in an impedance approximation.Π£ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ², ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΄, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π· ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄, Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ
Ions acceleration in a temporary and spatially modulated intense REB
The conception, proposed by Lymar, Khizhnyak, and Belikov, to use collective electromagnetic fields of space
charge excited in high-current relativistic electron beam (REB), modulated in time and space, have been experimentally investigated. At plasma assistance the low frequency oscillations of 46 MHz are excited in the overcritical
REB. The flow of CβΊ ions accelerated by the space charge field of virtual cathode up to 500 keV with density of
6Γ10βΆ cmβ»Β³ was formed. The fluence of ions on the collector during the ion pulse has the value 5Γ10β· particles/cmΒ². The
periodic magnetic field with 12% modulation was created by a sequence of aluminum and iron rings. After acceleration in the section with temporary and spatially modulated REB ions achieved energy 1.5 MeV and ion current 1 A.ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π₯ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π² ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ Π ΠΠ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π ΠΠ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ 46 ΠΠΡ Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈ CβΊ Π΄ΠΎ 500 ΠΊΠ΅Π. Π Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ· 9 Π·ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ 1.5 ΠΠ΅Π ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΡ 1 Π.ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π₯ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π ΠΠ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π ΠΠ Π½Π°
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ 46 ΠΠΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ CβΊ Π΄ΠΎ 500 ΠΊΡΠ. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· 9 ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ 1.5 ΠΡΠ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ 1 Π
Properties of Zirconia Nanoceramics under High-Energy Electrons Irradiation
Formation of radioactive isotopes is investigated under irradiation by relativistic electrons with energy
up to 100 MeV. Radioactive isotopes 87,88Y, 88,89,95Zr, 95Nb, 175Hf are registered after irradiation by
relativistic electrons with energy 47.2 MeV. The present data are necessary for the choice of a material for
a dielectric wakefield accelerator. The greatest danger at operation of accelerators represents 88Y.
Formation of radiation defects in nanoceramics is investigated. The various types of radiation defects are
found out at an irradiation by relativistic electrons with energy 47 MeV and 86 MeV. In UV VIS spectra
the absorption lines of radiation are registered at 402.2 nm and 635 nm, which correspond to the F and F'
centers of monocline lattices of zirconia. It is revealed, that krypton atoms are the centers of segregation of
point defects.
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Experimental investigations of interaction of supercritical electron beams with plasma
The first section of the collective ions acceleration based on simultaneous temporal and spatial modulation of relativistic electron beam (REB) was studied experimentally. The virtual cathode was originated in the electrodynamic structure consisting of two tubes with different diameters (jump of electrodynamics) by REB, produced in magnetically insulated diode. At plasma assistance the low-frequency oscillations of REB current and the low-frequency microwave radiation were obtained due to the virtual cathode periodical relaxation in the processes of charge compensation by ionized residual gas
Low-frequency REB modulation and acceleration of ions in a supercritical mode during plasma injection
Low-frequency modulation of a high-current relativistic electron beam (REB) and acceleration of ions in the first
section of a collective ion accelerator was studied experimentally. Low frequency modulation of supercritical high-REB
was obtained due to periodic compensation of a virtual cathode charge by plasma ions. An ion flow was produced by an
electric field of virtual cathode when plasma assists. Plasma was formed by the four Bostick plasma guns placed at equal
distances along the periphery of the drift chamber. The low-frequency modulation with depth 10 % at frequency 46 MHz
was obtained. The ion energy was measured using the magnetic analyzer. The ion energy that probably was obtained in
the potential well of the virtual cathode exceeded the REB energy.ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° (Π ΠΠ) ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°
ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ². ΠΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π ΠΠ Π·Π΄ΡΠΉΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ
Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ, ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ
ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π ΠΠ Π· Π³Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ 10%
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ 46 ΠΠΡ. ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ½Π° Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²,
ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΉΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΌΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ Π ΠΠ.ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° (Π ΠΠ) ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π ΠΠ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΠ Ρ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 10% ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ 46 ΠΠΡ. ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π ΠΠ
The effect of nanosecond ultrawideband electromagnetic radiation on xenogeneic erythrocytes
Experiments were the intention to investigate the effect of short-pulse ultrawideband electromagnetic radiation on biological objects. An insulated rod antenna excited by a high-current electron beam (E ~ 0.5 to 1.0 MeV, I ~ 4 to 10 kA, Ο β 15 ns) served as a radiation source. The objects to be irradiated, i.e., erythrocytes of both donors and diabetics, were put in the regions with field intensity varying from 100 to 1000 V/cm. The effect of radiation on the lifetime and shape of erythrocytes on the permeability of erythrocyte membranes for the penetrating nonelectrolyte (1 M glycerin) and the state of intracorpuscular hemoglobin was investigated by the methods of small-angle light scattering, UV spectrometry and phase-contrast microscopy
Gamma-activation method for the element analysis of agricultural products after vacuum drying
Development of the combined technologies of drying allows one to speed up the process of moisture moving
away from the dried material and to decrease the energy consumption per the production unit. The composition of
macro- and microelements before and after drying of the dispersed materials was monitored by the nuclear-physical
method. Quantometer method was used for definition of the intensity of oxidative processes at the level of cell
membranes. And the method of electron microscopy was used for detection of possible destructive processes in organelles.Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ Π· ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ Ρ
Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΡ. Π‘ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ- Ρ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² Π±ΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π²ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π²ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ.Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ
ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ» ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅