TIME-SYMMETRIC INITIAL DATA SETS IN 4--D DILATON GRAVITY

I study the time--symmetric initial--data problem in theories with a massless scalar field (dilaton), free or coupled to a Maxwell field in the stringy way, finding different initial--data sets describing an arbitrary number of black holes with arbitrary masses, charges and asymptotic value of the dilaton. The presence of the scalar field gives rise to a number of interesting effects. The mass and charges of a single black hole are different in its two asymptotically flat regions across the Einstein--Rosen bridge. The same happens to the value of the dilaton at infinity. This forbids the identification of these asymptotic regions in order to build (Misner) wormholes in the most naive way. Using different techniques, I find regular initial data for stringy wormholes. The price payed is the existence singularities in the dilaton field. The presence of a single--valued scalar seems to constrain strongly the allowed topologies of the initial space--like surface. Other kinds of scalar fields (taking values on a circle or being defined up to an additive constant) are also briefly considered.Comment: latex file, 38 pages

Gravitational Geons on the Brane

In this paper, we examine the possibility of static, spherically symmetric gravitational geons on a 3 dimensional brane embedded in a 4+1 dimensional space-time. We choose a specific g_tt for the brane-world space-time metric. We then calculate g_rr analytically in the weak field limit and numerically for stronger fields. We show that the induced field equations on the brane do admit gravitational geon solutions.Comment: 14 pages with 9 figures. To appear in General Relativity and Gravitatio

Ising model with periodic pinning of mobile defects

A two-dimensional Ising model with short-range interactions and mobile defects describing the formation and thermal destruction of defect stripes is studied. In particular, the effect of a local pinning of the defects at the sites of straight equidistant lines is analysed using Monte Carlo simulations and the transfer matrix method. The pinning leads to a long-range ordered magnetic phase at low temperatures. The dependence of the phase transition temperature, at which the defect stripes are destabilized, on the pinning strength is determined. The transition seems to be of first order, with and without pinning.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

A Dodecalogue of Basic Didactics from Applications of Abstract Differential Geometry to Quantum Gravity

We summarize the twelve most important in our view novel concepts that have arisen, based on results that have been obtained, from various applications of Abstract Differential Geometry (ADG) to Quantum Gravity (QG). The present document may be used as a concise, yet informal, discursive and peripatetic conceptual guide-cum-terminological glossary to the voluminous technical research literature on the subject. In a bonus section at the end, we dwell on the significance of introducing new conceptual terminology in future QG research by means of `poetic language'Comment: 16 pages, preliminary versio

Energy Distribution in f(R) Gravity

The well-known energy problem is discussed in f(R) theory of gravity. We use the generalized Landau-Lifshitz energy-momentum complex in the framework of metric f(R) gravity to evaluate the energy density of plane symmetric solutions for some general f(R) models. In particular, this quantity is found for some popular choices of f(R) models. The constant scalar curvature condition and the stability condition for these models are also discussed. Further, we investigate the energy distribution of cosmic string spacetime.Comment: 15 pages, accepted for publication in Gen. Relativ. & Gra

Classical approach in quantum physics

The application of a classical approach to various quantum problems - the secular perturbation approach to quantization of a hydrogen atom in external fields and a helium atom, the adiabatic switching method for calculation of a semiclassical spectrum of hydrogen atom in crossed electric and magnetic fields, a spontaneous decay of excited states of a hydrogen atom, Gutzwiller's approach to Stark problem, long-lived excited states of a helium atom recently discovered with the help of Poincar$\acute{\mathrm{e}}$ section, inelastic transitions in slow and fast electron-atom and ion-atom collisions - is reviewed. Further, a classical representation in quantum theory is discussed. In this representation the quantum states are treating as an ensemble of classical states. This approach opens the way to an accurate description of the initial and final states in classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method and a purely classical explanation of tunneling phenomenon. The general aspects of the structure of the semiclassical series such as renormgroup symmetry, criterion of accuracy and so on are reviewed as well. In conclusion, the relation between quantum theory, classical physics and measurement is discussed.Comment: This review paper was rejected from J.Phys.A with referee's comment "The author has made many worthwhile contributions to semiclassical physics, but this article does not meet the standard for a topical review"

Quantum mechanics, Furry's hypothesis and a measure of decoherence in the K^0 \bar{K}^0 system

We consider strangeness correlations of the EPR type in K^0 \bar{K}^0 pairs created in a J^{PC} = 1^{--} state as a function of time under the hypothesis that spontaneous decoherence takes place. We parameterize the degree of decoherence by a factor (1-\zeta) which multiplies the quantum-mechanical interference terms occurring in the amplitudes for like and unlike strangeness events and discuss the dependence of this procedure on the basis chosen in the K^0--\bar{K}^0 space to which the interference terms correspond. Consequently, all statements about the ``decoherence parameter'' \zeta inferred from experimental data are basis-dependent as well. We illustrate this point by estimating the value of \zeta for the two bases {K_L, K_S} and {K^0, \bar{K}^0} with the help of recent data of the CPLEAR experiment.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, revte

Entanglement, Bell Inequalities and Decoherence in Particle Physics

We demonstrate the relevance of entanglement, Bell inequalities and decoherence in particle physics. In particular, we study in detail the features of the ``strange'' $K^0 \bar K^0$ system as an example of entangled meson--antimeson systems. The analogies and differences to entangled spin--1/2 or photon systems are worked, the effects of a unitary time evolution of the meson system is demonstrated explicitly. After an introduction we present several types of Bell inequalities and show a remarkable connection to CP violation. We investigate the stability of entangled quantum systems pursuing the question how possible decoherence might arise due to the interaction of the system with its ``environment''. The decoherence is strikingly connected to the entanglement loss of common entanglement measures. Finally, some outlook of the field is presented.Comment: Lectures given at Quantum Coherence in Matter: from Quarks to Solids, 42. Internationale Universit\"atswochen f\"ur Theoretische Physik, Schladming, Austria, Feb. 28 -- March 6, 2004, submitted to Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer Verlag, 45 page

Exact Theorems Concerning CP and CPT Violations in C=-1 Entangled State of Pseudoscalar Neutral Mesons

Neutral pseudoscalar mesons in an entangled or Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen state are routinely produced in phi and B factories. Based on the peculiar properties of an entangled state, we present some general exact theorems about parameters characterizing CP and CPT violations, by using various asymmetries defined for the correlated decays of the two entangled mesons, which are rigorously calculated.Comment: 10 pages, published versio

Active Brownian Particles. From Individual to Collective Stochastic Dynamics

We review theoretical models of individual motility as well as collective dynamics and pattern formation of active particles. We focus on simple models of active dynamics with a particular emphasis on nonlinear and stochastic dynamics of such self-propelled entities in the framework of statistical mechanics. Examples of such active units in complex physico-chemical and biological systems are chemically powered nano-rods, localized patterns in reaction-diffusion system, motile cells or macroscopic animals. Based on the description of individual motion of point-like active particles by stochastic differential equations, we discuss different velocity-dependent friction functions, the impact of various types of fluctuations and calculate characteristic observables such as stationary velocity distributions or diffusion coefficients. Finally, we consider not only the free and confined individual active dynamics but also different types of interaction between active particles. The resulting collective dynamical behavior of large assemblies and aggregates of active units is discussed and an overview over some recent results on spatiotemporal pattern formation in such systems is given.Comment: 161 pages, Review, Eur Phys J Special-Topics, accepte