Super WZNW with Reductions to Supersymmetric and Fermionic Integrable Models

A systematic construction for an action describing a class of supersymmetric integrable models as well as for pure fermionic theories is discussed in terms of the gauged WZNW model associated to twisted affine Kac-Moody algebras. Explicit examples of the $N=1,2$ super sinh(sine)-Gordon models are discussed in detail. Pure fermionic theories arises for cosets $sl(p,1)/sl(p)\otimes u(1)$ when a maximal kernel condition is fulfilled. The integrability condition for such models is discussed and it is shown that the simplest example when $p=2$ leads to the constrained Bukhvostov-Lipatov, Thirring, scalar massive and pseudo-scalar massless Gross-Neveu models.Comment: 28 pages, latex, added referenc

Aharonov-Bohm Effect in Cyclotron and Synchrotron Radiations

We study the impact of Aharonov-Bohm solenoid on the radiation of a charged particle moving in a constant uniform magnetic field. With this aim in view, exact solutions of Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations are found in the magnetic-solenoid field. Using such solutions, we calculate exactly all the characteristics of one-photon spontaneous radiation both for spinless and spinning particle. Considering non-relativistic and relativistic approximations, we analyze cyclotron and synchrotron radiations in detail. Radiation peculiarities caused by the presence of the solenoid may be considered as a manifestation of Aharonov-Bohm effect in the radiation. In particular, it is shown that new spectral lines appear in the radiation spectrum. Due to angular distribution peculiarities of the radiation intensity, these lines can in principle be isolated from basic cyclotron and synchrotron radiation spectraComment: 38 pages, LaTex fil

Trends In Animal Experimentation [tendências Em Experimentação Animal]

Introduction: Animal models have been developed for scientific research over the last few decades in an attempt to comprehend etiological factors and mechanisms and to treat diseases. Objective: The aim of this article was to discuss aspects related to animal experimentation, the choice of animal models and the current trends in Brazil. Additionally, this study aims at evaluating the space occupied by experimental articles in medical journals. Methods: Five Brazilian journals linked to LILACS SciELO, and MEDLINE and recently incorporated in the Institute for Scientific Information Journal of Citation Reports were selected and all the articles published in 2007 and 2008 that involved animal experimentation were identified from the abstracts. Results: Of a total of 832 articles published by the journals, 92 (11.1%) articles were concerned with animal experimentation. The number of articles that focused on animal models is variable in the different journals analyzed with frequencies of between 5.2% and 17.9%. Conclusions: This study may contribute by providing support to adopt editorial policies relative to the publication of original articles on animal research in the BJCVS.244506513Ferreira, L.M., Hochman, B., Barbosa, M.V.J., Modelos experimentais em pesquisa (2005) Acta Cir Bras, 20 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 28-34Schanaider, A., Silva, P.C., Uso de animais em cirurgia experimental (2004) Acta Cir Bras, 19 (4), pp. 441-447Salén, J.C.W., Animal models: Principles and problems (1995) The Experimental Animal In Biomedical Research: Care, Husbandry and Well-being: An Overview By Species, , Rollin BE, Kesel ML, editors, 3rd ed. Boston:CRC PressHele, D., First Siena International Conference on Animal Models of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Certosa di Pontignano, University of Siena, Italy, September 30-October 2, 2001 (2002) Respir Res, 3 (1), pp. 12-14Picado, C.H.F., Garcia, F.L., Correção de falhas ósseas diafisárias: Transporte ósseo fixado com placa (2007) Acta Ortop Bras, 15 (1), pp. 47-49Defino, H.L.A., Wichr, C.R.G., Shimano, A.C., Kandziora, F., Influência do diâmetro do orifício piloto na resistência ao arrancamento dos parafusos do corpo vertebral (2007) Acta Ortop Bras, 15 (2), pp. 76-79Fernandes, M., Valente, S.G., Amado, D., Fernandes, M.J.S., Naffah-Mazzacoratti, M.G., Santos, J.B.G., Estudo comparativo entre enxerto autógeno e enxerto muscular coberto com tubo de veia autógeno em nervos tibiais de ratos Wistar, utilizando o fluoro-gold® como marcador neuronal (2007) Acta Ortop Bras, 15 (2), pp. 97-100Hirakawa, C.K., Grecco, M.A.S., Santos, J.B.G., Leite, V.M., Faloppa, F., Estudo comparativo da ação do fator de crescimento de fibroblastos e fragmentos de nervo na regeneração de nervo tibial em ratos (2007) Acta Ortop Bras, 15 (2), pp. 114-117Braga-Silva, J., Gehlen, D., Roman, J.A., Machado, D.C., Costa, J.C., Faúndez, M., Modelo experimental de lesão raquimedular em ratos com dispositivo para acesso de agentes terapêuticos locais (2007) Acta Ortop Bras, 15 (3), pp. 155-157Cunha, A.S., Lemos, S.P.S., Silva, C.F., Barros Filho, T.E.P., Costa, M.P., Ferreira, M.C., Utilização da veia glicerolada na regeneração neural (2007) Estudo Experimental Em Ratos. Acta Ortop Bras, 15 (4), pp. 210-213Scopel, G.P., Faria, J.C.M., Busnardo, F.F., Alves, H.R.N., Orpheu, S.C., Ferreira, M.C., Hematoma intraneural experimental em ratos: Avaliação da recuperação funcional e histomorfometria neural (2007) Acta Ortop Bras, 15 (4), pp. 222-226Shimano, M.M., Volpon, J.B., Comportamento mecânico do terço proximal de fêmures de ratos após período de suspensão pela cauda e exercitação (2007) Acta Ortop Bras, 15 (5), pp. 254-257Renno, A.C.M., Faganello, F.R., Moura, F.M., Santos, N.S.A., Tirico, R.P., Bossini, P.S., Os efeitos de um programa de atividade física de carga progressiva nas propriedades físicas e na força óssea de ratas osteopênicas (2007) Acta Ortop Bras, 15 (5), pp. 276-279Gasparini, A.L.P., Barbieri, C.H., Mazzer, N., Correlação entre diferentes métodos de avaliação funcional da marcha de ratos com lesão por esmagamento do nervo isquiático (2007) Acta Ortop Bras, 15 (5), pp. 285-289Sartori, A.R., Moreira, J.A., Santos, A.M.M., Cintra, D.E.C., Sartori, L.R., Baraúna, M.A., Comparação do processo de reparo ósseo em tíbias de ratas normais e osteopênicas (2008) Acta Ortop Bras, 16 (1), pp. 37-40Tuma Júnior, P., Ferreira, M.C., Nakamoto, H.A., Milcheski, D.A., Cheroto Filho, A., Influência da imunossupressão na regeneração nervosa com utilização de aloenxertos (2008) Estudo Experimental Em Ratos. Acta Ortop Bras, 16 (1), pp. 41-44Lemos, S.P.S., Hayashi, I., Cunha, A.S., Silva, C.F., Barros Filho, T.E.P., Costa, M.P., Nervo alógeno conservado em glicerol: Estudo experimental em ratos (2008) Acta Ortop Bras, 16 (3), pp. 133-137Carvalho, L.C., Shimano, A.C., Picado, C.H.F., Estimulação elétrica neuromuscular e o alongamento passivo manual na recuperação das propriedades mecânicas do músculo gastrocnêmio imobilizado (2008) Acta Ortop Bras, 16 (3), pp. 161-164Rodrigues, L.M.R., Fujiki, E.N., Yonezaki, A.M.I., Puertas, E.B., Wajchenberg, M., Milani, C., Correlação entre o posicionamento dos parafusos pediculares no corpo vertebral e sua força de arrancamento (2008) Acta Ortop Bras, 16 (4), pp. 197-200Leite, V.C., Shimano, A.C., Gonçalves, G.A.P., Kandziora, F., Defino, H.L.A., Estudo da influência do torque de inserção na resistência ao arrancamento dos parafusos pediculares (2008) Acta Ortop Bras, 16 (4), pp. 214-216Durigan, J.L.Q., Cancelliero, K.M., Guirro, R.R.J., Silva, C.A., Polacow, M.L.O., Efeitos da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular no músculo sóleo de ratos: Análise morfométrica e metabólica (2008) Acta Ortop Bras, 16 (4), pp. 238-241Castro, I.J.C., Shimano, A.C., Bellucci, A.D., Defino, H.L.A., Estudo experimental do sequenciamento das manobras da ligamentotaxia na descompressão do canal vertebral (2008) Acta Ortop Bras, 16 (5), pp. 291-295Endo, C., Barbieri, C.H., Mazzer, N., Fasan, V.S., A laserterapia de baixa intensidade acelera a regeneração de nervos periféricos (2008) Acta Ortop Bras, 16 (5), pp. 305-310Pereira, A.C., Fernandes, R.G., Carvalho, Y.R., Balducci, I., Faig-Leite, H., Reparação de defeitos ósseos em fêmures de ratos machos e fêmeas espontaneamente hipertensos: Estudo histológico e histométrico (2007) Arq Bras Cardiol, 88 (1), pp. 104-109Bregagnollo, E.A., Mestrinel, M.A., Okoshi, K., Carvalho, F.C., Bregagnollo, I.F., Padovani, C.R., Papel relativo da remodelação geométrica do ventrículo esquerdo, morfológica e funcional do miocárdio na transição da hipertrofia compensada para a falência cardíaca em ratos com estenose aórtica supravalvar (2007) Arq Bras Cardiol, 88 (2), pp. 225-233Mônaco, B.A., Benício, A., Contreras, I.S.B., Mingrone, L.E., Ballester, G., Moreira, L.F.P., Pré-condicionamento isquêmico e monitorização da função medular na abordagem da aorta torácica descendente (2007) Arq Bras Cardiol, 88 (3), pp. 291-296Pinotti, M.F., Silva, M.D.-P., Sugizaki, M.M., Novelli, Y.S.D., Sant'ana, L.S., Aragon, F.F., Influências de dietas ricas em ácidos graxos saturados e insaturados sobre o miocárdio de ratos (2007) Arq Bras Cardiol, 88 (3), pp. 346-353Lopes, R.D., Neves, L.B., D'almeida, V., Conceição, G.M.S., Gabriel Junior, A., Homocisteína plasmática total e fator von Willebrand no diabete melito experimental (2007) Arq Bras Cardiol, 88 (4), pp. 424-429Minicucci, M.F., Azevedo, P.S., Duarte, D.R., Matsubara, B.B., Matsubara, L.S., Campana, A.O., Comparação de diferentes métodos para medida do tamanho do infarto experimental crônico em ratos (2007) Arq Bras Cardiol, 89 (2), pp. 93-98Souza, H.C.D., Penteado, D.M.D., Martin-Pinge, M.C., Barbosa Neto, O., Teixeira, V.P.A., Blanco, J.H.D., O bloqueio da síntese do óxido nítrico promove aumento da hipertrofia e da fibrose cardíaca em ratos submetidos a treinamento aeróbio (2007) Arq Bras Cardiol, 89 (2), pp. 99-104Zornoff, L.A.M., Duarte, D.R., Minicucci, M.F., Azevedo, P.S., Matsubara, B.B., Matsubara, L.S., Efeitos do betacaroteno e do tabagismo sobre a remodelação cardíaca pós-infarto do miocárdio (2007) Arq Bras Cardiol, 89 (3), pp. 151-157Fernandes, M.L.M.P., Ferro, E.A.V., Beletti, M.E., Resende, E.S., Efeitos da espironolactona sobre as alterações miocárdicas induzidas pelo hormônio tireoideano em ratos (2007) Arq Bras Cardiol, 89 (6), pp. 398-402Zago, A.C., Simon, D.I., Wang, Y., Sakuma, M., Chen, Z., Croce, K., Importância da interação entre a integrina Mac-1 dos leucócitos e a glicoproteína Iba das plaquetas para o recrutamento de 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N.K., Jukemura, J., Aikawa, P., Nogueira, R.A., Poli-de-Figueiredo, L.F., Sannomiya, P., Avaliação in vivo da interação leucócito-endotélio mesentérico após ligadura e punção cecal e remoção cirúrgica do foco séptico (2007) Clinics, 62 (3), pp. 321-326Barros, C.M.M.R., Lessa, R.Q., Grechi, M.P., Mouço, T.L.M., Souza, M.G.C., Wiernsperger, N., Substituição da água por solução de frutose induz hiperinsulinemia e hiperglicemia em hamster (2007) Clinics, 62 (3), pp. 327-334Pazetti, R., Pego-Fernandes, P.M., Ranzani, O.T., Parra, E.R., Lorenzi-Filho, G., Jatene, F.B., Ciclosporina A reduz a secreção de muco das vias aéreas e o transporte mucociliar de ratos (2007) Clinics, 62 (3), pp. 345-352Farah, V.M.A., de Angelis, K., Joaquim, L.F., Candido, G.O., Bernardes, N., Fazan Jr., R., Modulação autonômica da pressão arterial e variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca em ratos hipertensos e diabéticos (2007) Clinics, 62 (4), pp. 477-482Andraus, W., Jukemura, J., Dutra, F., Bechara, E., Cunha, J.E.M., Machado, M.C.C., Oxidative stress is enhanced by hypothermia imposed on cerulein-induced pancreatitis in rats (2007) Clinics, 62 (4), pp. 483-490Azevedo, L.C.P., Park, M., Noritomi, D.T., Maciel, A.T., Brunialti, M.K., Salomão, R., Characterization of an animal model of severe sepsis associated with respiratory dysfunction (2007) Clinics, 62 (4), pp. 491-498Garippo, A., Parra, E., Teodoro, W., Rivero, D., Souza, F., Yoshinari, N., Tolerância nasal com a proteína colágeno V reverte o remodelamento no eixo broncovascular na bronquiolite obliterante experimental (2007) Clinics, 62 (4), pp. 499-506Maganhin, C.C., Correa, O., Gomes, R.C.T., Simões, R., Baracat, E.C., Soares-Jr, J.M., Efeitos da terapia de reposição hormonal estroprogestativa sobre o sistema de coagulação e de fibrinólise em mulheres na pós-menopausa (2007) Clinics, 62 (5), pp. 607-612Doria, A.S., Cunha, F.G., Modena, M., Rodrigues, C.J., Garcez, A.T., Godoy Junior, R., Efeito da osteotomia intertrocantérica no femur proximal de coelhos: Avaliação com utra-sonografia power Doppler e cintilografia (2007) Clinics, 62 (6), pp. 741-748Mattar, A.L., Machado, F.G., Fujihara, C.K., Malheiros, D.M.A.C., Zatz, R., Hipertensão persistente e lesão renal progressiva induzidas por sobrecarga de sal após inibição temporária do óxido nítrico (2007) Clinics, 62 (6), pp. 749-756Tannuri, A.C.A., Tannuri, U., Coelho, M.C., Santos, N.A., Mello, E.S., Modelos experimentais de hepatectomia e regeneração hepática em ratos recém-nascidos e recém-desmamados (2007) Clinics, 62 (6), pp. 757-762Emre, A., Bayram, O., Salman, B., Ercan, S., Anadol, Z., Akin, O., Sodium nitroprusside as a nitric oxide donor in a rat intestinal ischemiareperfusion model (2008) Clinics, 63 (1), pp. 91-96Barros Filho, T.E.P., Molina, A.E.I.S., Analysis of the sensitivity and reproducibility of the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scale in Wistar rats (2008) Clinics, 63 (1), pp. 103-108França, L.H.G., Pereira, A.H., Perini, S.C., Self-expandable nitinol stent placement in homocysteinemic porcine aorta (2008) Clinics, 63 (2), pp. 229-236Rossi, F.S., Mascaretti, R.S., Haddad, L.B., Freddi, N.A., Mauad, T., Rebello, C.M., Utilization of the lower inflection point of the pressure-volume curve results in protective conventional ventilation comparable to high frequency oscillatory ventilation in an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (2008) Clinics, 63 (2), pp. 237-244Almeida Jr., H.L., Sotto, M.N., Castro, L.A.S., Rocha, N.M., Transmission electron microscopy of the preclinical phase of experimental phytophotodermatitis (2008) Clinics, 63 (3), pp. 371-374Perniconi, S.E., Simões, M.J., Simões, R.S., Haidar, M.A., Baracat, E.C., Soares Jr., J.M., Proliferation of the superficial epithelium of ovaries in senile female rats following oral administration of conjugated equine estrogens (2008) Clinics, 63 (3), pp. 381-388Rai, R., Ranade, A., Nayak, S., Vadgaonkar, R., Mangala, P., Krishnamurthy, A., A study of anatomical 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(2008) Clinics, 63 (4), pp. 525-530Karadeniz, G., Acikgoz, S., Tekin, I.O., Tascýlar, O., Gun, B.D., Cömert, M., Oxidized low-density-lipoprotein accumulation is associated with liver fibrosis in experimental cholestasis (2008) Clinics, 63 (4), pp. 531-540Ibrahim, S.F., Osman, K., Das, S., Othman, A.M., Majid, N.A., Rahman, M.P.A., A study of the antioxidant effect of alpha lipoic acids on sperm quality (2008) Clinics, 63 (4), pp. 545-550Gibelli, N.E.M., Tannuri, U., Mello, E.S., Immunohistochemical studies of stellate cells in experimental cholestasis in newborn and adult rats (2008) Clinics, 63 (5), pp. 689-694Galia, C.R., Macedo, C.A., Rosito, R., Mello, T.M., Camargo, L.M.A.Q., Moreira, L.F., In vitro and in vivo evaluation of lyophilized bovine bone biocompatibility (2008) Clinics, 63 (6), pp. 801-806Habib, S.H.M., Makpol, S., Hamid, N.A.A., Das, S., Ngah, W.Z.W., Yusof, Y.A.M., Ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects on ethionine-induced 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(6), pp. 502-505Santos, M.R., Krignl, C.J., Nava, A., Reik, C.M.S., Silva, F.E.B., Roman, S.S., Avaliação do efeito cumulativo do antimoniato de meglumina sobre a prole de camundongos Swiss: Ensaio biológico (2008) Rev Assoc Med Bras, 54 (1), pp. 13-16Chaves, D.N.B., Alberti, L.R., Petroianu, A., Estudo comparativo dos efeitos da talidomida, da ciclosporina e do diclofenaco na sobrevida de aloenxertos cutâneos em coelho (2008) Rev Assoc Med Bras, 54 (1), pp. 42-47Paulo, I.C.A.L., Paulo, D.N.S., Ferrari, T.A., Azeredo, T.C.V., Silva, A.L., O pólo inferior do baço de ratos e a oxigenoterapia hiperbárica (2008) Rev Assoc Med Bras, 54 (1), pp. 77-81Costallat, B.L., Miglioli, L., Silva, P.A.C., Novo, N.F., Duarte, J.L.G., Resistência à insulina com a suplementação de creatina em animais de experimentação (2007) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 13 (1), pp. 22-26Matheus, J.P.C., Gomide, L.B., Oliveira, J.G.P., Volpon, J.B., Shimano, A.C., Efeitos da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular durante a imobilização nas propriedades mecânicas do músculo esquelético (2007) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 13 (1), pp. 55-59Contarteze, R.V.L., Manchado, F.B., Gobatto, C.A., Mello, M.A.R., Biomarcadores de estresse em ratos exercitados por natação em intensidades igual e superior à máxima fase estável de lactato (2007) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 13 (3), pp. 169-174Franco, F.S.C., Natali, A.J., Costa, N.M.B., Lunz, W., Gomes, G.J., Carneiro Junior, M.A., Efeitos da suplementação de creatina e do treinamento de potência sobre a performance e a massa corporal magra de ratos (2007) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 13 (5), pp. 297-302Araujo, G.G., Araújo, M.B., Mota, C.S.A., Ribeiro, C., D'angelo, R.A., Manchado, F.B., Respostas fisiológicas ao exercício agudo em ratos obesos tratados com metformina (2007) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 13 (6), pp. 393-396Menon, T., Casarolli, L.M., Cunha, N.B., Souza, L., Andrade, P.H.M., Albuquerque, C.E., Influência do alongamento passivo em três repetições de 30 segundos a cada 48 horas em músculo sóleo imobilizado de ratos (2007) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 13 (6), pp. 407-410Netto Jr., J., Braile, D.M., Cecchini, R., Cicogna, A.C., Guarnier, F.A., Pastre, C.M., Comportamento da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio em miocárdio de ratos submetidos a treinamento de baixa intensidade em diferentes temperaturas (2007) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 13 (6), pp. 411-415Lana, A.C., Paulino, C.A., Gonçalves, I.D., Efeitos dos exercícios físicos sobre o edema inflamatório agudo em ratos Wistar (2008) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 14 (1), pp. 33-37Vieira, R.P., França, R.F., Carvalho, C.R.F., Dolhnikoff, M., Ribeiro, W., Martins, R.A.B., Efeitos da suplementação oral com creatina sobre o metabolismo e a morfologia hepática em ratos (2008) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 14 (1), pp. 38-41Cunha, N.B., Moesch, J., Mallmann, J.S., Ciena, A.P., Bertolini, G.R.F., Uso do laser, 670 nm, no quadro álgico de ratos submetidos à modelo experimental de ciatalgia (2008) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 14 (2), pp. 115-118Konno, E.A.B., Alves, E.P.B., Bertolini, G.R.F., Barbieri, C.H., Mazzer, N., Remobilização por alongamento estático cíclico em músculo sóleo de ratos imobilizados em encurtamento (2008) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 14 (2), pp. 122-125Eguchi, R., Cheik, N.C., Oyama, L.M., Nascimento, C.M.O., Mello, M.T., Tufik, S., Efeitos do exercício crônico sobre a concentração circulante da leptina e grelina em ratos com obesidade induzida por dieta (2008) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 14 (3), pp. 182-187Silva-Costa, E., Gonçalves, A.A., Brito, I.J.L., Silva, C.A., Metformina interage com o treinamento físico diminuindo a glicemia e aumentando o armazenamento de glicogênio em ratos diabéticos (2008) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 14 (4), pp. 337-340Bertolini, G.R.F., Silva, T.S., Ciena, A.P., Trindade, D.L., Efeitos do laser de baixa potência sobre a dor e edema no trauma tendíneo de ratos (2008) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 14 (4), pp. 362-366Matheus, J.P.C., Milani, J.G.P.O., Gomide, L.B., Volpon, J.B., Shimano, A.C., Análise biomecânica dos efeitos da crioterapia no tratamento da lesão muscular aguda (2008) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 14 (4), pp. 372-375Portinho, D., Boin, V.G., Bertolini, G.R.F., Efeitos sobre o tecido ósseo e cartilagem articular provocados pela imobilização e remobilização em ratos Wistar (2008) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 14 (5), pp. 408-411Moura, R.F., Cambri, L.T., Quadros Junior, A.C., Nascimento, C.M.C., Arantes, L.M., Sebastião, E., Capacidade aeróbia de ratos alimentados com dieta rica em frutose (2008) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 14 (5), pp. 422-426Freire, T.O., Gualano, B., Leme, M.D., Polacow, V.O., Lancha Jr., A.H., Efeitos da suplementação de creatina na captação de glicose em ratos submetidos ao exercício físico (2008) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 14 (5), pp. 431-435Bosi, P.L., Delfino, G.B., Durigan, J.L.Q., Cancelliero, K.M., Polacow, M.L.O., Silva, C.A., Metformina minimiza as alterações morfométricas no músculo sóleo de ratos submetidos à imobilização articular (2008) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 14 (5), pp. 436-439Bor

The Mythology of Game Theory

Non-cooperative game theory is at its heart a theory of cognition, specifically a theory of how decisions are made. Game theory\u27s leverage is that we can design different payoffs, settings, player arrays, action possibilities, and information structures, and that these differences lead to different strategies, outcomes, and equilibria. It is well-known that, in experimental settings, people do not adopt the predicted strategies, outcomes, and equilibria. The standard response to this mismatch of prediction and observation is to add various psychological axioms to the game-theoretic framework. Regardless of the differing specific proposals and results, game theory uniformly makes certain cognitive assumptions that seem rarely to be acknowledged, much less interrogated. Indeed, it is not widely understood that game theory is essentially a cognitive theory. Here, we interrogate those cognitive assumptions. We do more than reject specific predictions from specific games. More broadly, we reject the underlying cognitive model implicitly assumed by game theory

Induction melt thermoforming of advanced multi-axial thermoplastic composite laminates

The viability of using induction heating to facilitate the wrinkle-free forming of multi-axial pre-consolidated advanced thermoplastic composites over complex geometries is explored. The research focuses on the use of tin as a medium to both heat and lubricate the forming laminate. Initial tests demonstrate the viability of the fundamental ideas of the process; induction heating is used to melt the tin sheet, which is then shown to melt the matrix phase of carbon-nylon composite laminates when stacked in a hybrid composite/tin layup. A novel low-cost reconfigurable multi-step forming tool is used to demonstrate how most of the tin can be squeezed out of the layup prior to consolidation. The multi-step tool can be augmented with segmented tooling to rapidly manufacture composite parts of high geometric complexity. In this investigation, a 'ripple' geometry containing three 'cavities' is used to demonstrate the technique. Tests demonstrated that at least three sheets of inter-laminar tin can be simultaneously melted using the induction heating system. Initial results indicate complex geometries can be formed with minimal wrinkling while removing interlaminar tin

Transcriptome of the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)

Although the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) is an important commercial species, there is still a deficit with regard to the number of transcripts in the databases, which can be accessed and exploited for targeted candidate gene and pathway studies. In this study, the RNAs from head, skin and GI tract from different developmental stages were sequenced to generate 22,272 contigs of 500 base pairs or greater as a molecular resource for this specie

Genetic Polymorphism Of Streptococcus Mutans Strains Associated With Incomplete Caries Removal

Aim: Despite the antibacterial properties of dental materials, the survival of residual bacteria under restorations has been demonstrated after incomplete caries removal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic polymorphism of Streptococcus mutans strains isolated from deep dentinal lesions before and three months after incomplete caries removal. Methods: Samples of carious dentin were collected from 33 primary and/or permanent molars before and after indirect pulp treatment and processed for microbiological isolation of mutans streptococci (MS). After three months of the dental treatment, positive cultures for MS were detected in only ten of these teeth. DNA of MS isolates were obtained and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification of S mutans. The arbitrary primed-PCR method (primer OPA-13) was used to detect the genetic polymorphism of S. mutans strains. Results: Identical or highly related S. mutans genotypes were observed in each tooth, regardless of the collect. Considering each tooth separately, a maximum of nine genotypic patterns were found in each tooth from all the collects. In addition, at least one genotypic pattern was repeated in the three collects. Genetic diversity was observed among the S. mutans isolates, obtained from different teeth after three months of the dental treatment. Conclusions: The persistence of identical genotypic patterns and the genetic similarity among the isolates, from the same tooth in distinct collects, showed the resistance of some S. mutans strains after incomplete caries removal treatment.8128Bowden, G.H.W., Hamilton, I.R., Survival of oral bacteria (1998) Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 9, pp. 54-85Cvitkovitch, D.G., Genetic competence and transformation in oral streptococci (2001) Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 12, pp. 217-243Fejerskov, O., Concepts of dental caries and their consequences for understanding the disease (1997) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 25, pp. 5-12Coykendall, A.L., Classification and identification of the viridans streptococci (1989) Clin Microbiol Rev, 2, pp. 315-328Loesche, W.J., Role of Streptococcus mutans in dental decay (1986) Microbiol Rev, 50, pp. 353-380Quivey, R.G., Kuhnert, W.L., Hahn, K., Genetics of acid adaptation in oral streptococci (2001) Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 12, pp. 301-314Homer, K.A., Patel, R., Beighton, D., Effects of N-acetylglucosamine on carbohydrate fermentation by Streptococcus mutans NT 10449 and Streptococcus sobrinus SL-1 (1993) Infect Immun, 61, pp. 295-302Abranches, J., Chen, Y.Y., Burne, R.A., Galactose metabolism by Streptococcus mutans (2004) Appl Environ Microbiol, 70, pp. 6047-6052Arthur, R.A., Tabchoury, C.P., Mattos-Graner, R.O., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Paes Leme, A.F., Vale, G.C., Genotypic diversity of S. mutans in dental biofilm formed in situ under sugar stress exposure (2007) Braz Dent J, 18, pp. 185-191Saarela, M., Hannula, J., Mättö, J., Asikainen, S., Alaluusua, S., Typing of mutans streptococci by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (1996) Arch Oral Biol, 41, pp. 821-826Redmo Emanuelsson, I., Wang, X.M., Demonstration of identical strains of mutans streptococci within Chinese families by genotyping (1998) Eur J Oral Sci, 106, pp. 788-794Grönroos, L., Alaluusua, S., Site-specific oral colonization of mutans streptococci detected by arbitrarily primed PCR fingerprinting (2000) Caries Res, 34, pp. 474-480Spolidorio, D.M.P., Höfling, J.F., Pizzolitto, A.C., Rosa, E.A., Negrini, T.C., Spolidorio, L.C., Genetic polymorphism of Streptococcus mutans in Brazilian family members (2003) Braz J Microbiol, 34, pp. 213-217Napimoga, M.H., Kamiya, R.U., Rosa, R.T., Rosa, E.A., Höfling, J.F., Mattos-Graner, R.O., Genotypic diversity and virulence traits of Streptococcus mutans in caries-free and caries-active individuals (2004) J Med Microbiol, 53, pp. 697-703Paddick, J.S., Brailsford, S.R., Kidd, E.A., Beighton, D., Phenotypic and genotypic selection of microbiota surviving under dental restorations (2005) Appl Environ Microbiol, 71, pp. 2467-2472Truong, T.L., Ménard, C., Mouton, C., Trahan, L., Identification of mutans and other oral streptococci by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (2000) J Med Microbiol, 49, pp. 63-71Alaluusua, S., Mättö, J., Grönroos, L., Innilä, S., Torkko, H., Asikainen, S., Oral colonization by more than one clonal type of mutans streptococcus in children with nursing-bottle dental caries (1996) Arch Oral Biol, 41, pp. 167-173Nascimento, M.M., Höfling, J.F., Gonçalves, R.B., Streptococcus mutans genotypes isolated from root and coronal caries (2004) Caries Res, 38, pp. 454-463Bjorndal, L., Larsen, T., Thylstrup, A., A clinical and microbiological study of deep carious lesions during stepwise excavation using long treatment intervals (1997) Caries Res, 31, pp. 411-417Kreulen, C.M., de Soet, J.J., Weerheijm, K.L., van Amerongen, W.E., In vivo cariostatic effect of resin modified glass ionomer and amalgam on dentine (1997) Caries Res, 31, pp. 384-389Weerheijm, K.L., Kreulen, C.M., de Soet, J.J., Groen, H.J., van Amerongen, W.E., Bacterial counts in carious dentine under restorations: 2-years in vivo effects (1999) Caries Res, 33, pp. 130-134Davey, A.L., Rogers, A.H., Multiple types of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in the human mouth and their intra-family transmission (1984) Arch Oral Biol, 29, pp. 453-460Nociti F.H., Jr., Cesco de Toledo, R., Machado, M.A., Stefani, C.M., Line, S.R., Gonçalves, R.B., Clinical and microbiological evaluation of ligature-induced peri-implantitis and periodontitis in dogs (2001) Clin Oral Implants Res, 12, pp. 295-300Oho, T., Yamashita, Y., Shimazaki, Y., Kushiyama, M., Koga, T., Simple and rapid detection of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in human saliva by polymerase chain reaction (2000) Oral Microbiol Immunol, 15, pp. 258-262Castillo, A., Rubiano, S., Gutiérrez, J., Hermoso, A., Liébana, J., Post-pH effect in oral streptococci (2000) Clin Microbiol Infect, 6, pp. 142-146Duque, C., Negrini, T.deC., Hebling, J., Spolidorio, D.M., Inhibitory activity of glass-ionomer cements on cariogenic bacteria (2005) Oper Dent., 30, pp. 636-640Robinson, W.G., Old, L.A., Shah, D.S.H., Russell, R.R., Chromosomal insertions and deletions in Streptococcus mutans (2003) Caries Res, 37, pp. 148-156Hohwy, J., Reinholdt, J., Kilian, M., Population dynamics of Streptococcus mitis in its natural habitat (2001) Infect Immun, 69, pp. 6055-6063Dowson, C.G., Barcus, V., King, S., Pickerill, P., Whatmore, A., Yeo, M., Horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of resistance and virulence determinants in Streptococcus (1997) Soc Appl Bacteriol Symp Ser, 26, pp. 42S-51SPerry, D., Wondrack, L.M., Kuramitsu, H.K., Genetic transformation of putative cariogenic properties in Streptococcus mutans (1983) Infect Immun, 41, pp. 722-727Chansley, P.E., Kral, T.A., Transformation of fluoride resistance genes in Streptococcus mutans (1989) Infect Immun, 57, pp. 1968-1970Murchison, H.H., Barrett, J.F., Cardineau, G.A., Curtiss, R., Transformation of Streptococcus mutans with chromosomal and shuttle plasmid (pYA629) DNAs (1986) Infect Immun, 54, pp. 273-282Kuramitsu, H.K., Trapa, V., Genetic exchange between oral streptococci during mixed growth (1984) J Gen Microbiol, 130, pp. 2497-2500Li, Y.H., Lau, P.C., Lee, J.H., Ellen, R.P., Cvitkovitch, D.G., Natural genetic transformation of Streptococcus mutans growing in biofilms (2001) J Bacteriol, 183, pp. 897-908Klein, M.I., Flório, F.M., Pereira, A.C., Höfling, J.F., Gonçalves, R.B., Longitudinal study of transmission, diversity and stability of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus genotypes in Brazilian nursery children (2004) J Clin Microbiol, 42, pp. 4620-4626Lindquist, B., Emilson, C.G., Colonization of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus genotypes and caries development in children to mothers harboring both species (2004) Caries Res, 38, pp. 95-103Mattos-Graner, R.O., Li, Y., Caufield, P.W., Duncan, M., Smith, D.J., Genotypic diversity of mutans streptococci in Brazilian nursery children suggests horizontal transmission (2001) J Clin Microbiol, 39, pp. 2313-231

Guanylate-binding protein 5 licenses caspase-11 for Gasdermin-D mediated host resistance to Brucella abortus infection.

Innate immune response against Brucella abortus involves activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). Among the NLRs involved in the recognition of B. abortus are NLRP3 and AIM2. Here, we demonstrate that B. abortus triggers non-canonical inflammasome activation dependent on caspase-11 and gasdermin-D (GSDMD). Additionally, we identify that Brucella-LPS is the ligand for caspase-11 activation. Interestingly, we determine that B. abortus is able to trigger pyroptosis leading to pore formation and cell death, and this process is dependent on caspase-11 and GSDMD but independently of caspase-1 protease activity and NLRP3. Mice lacking either caspase-11 or GSDMD were significantly more susceptible to infection with B. abortus than caspase-1 knockout or wild-type animals. Additionally, guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) present in mouse chromosome 3 participate in the recognition of LPS by caspase-11 contributing to non-canonical inflammasome activation as observed by the response of Gbpchr3-/- BMDMs to bacterial stimulation. We further determined by siRNA knockdown that among the GBPs contained in mouse chromosome 3, GBP5 is the most important for Brucella LPS to be recognized by caspase-11 triggering IL-1β secretion and LDH release. Additionally, we observed a reduction in neutrophil, dendritic cell and macrophage influx in spleens of Casp11-/- and Gsdmd-/- compared to wild-type mice, indicating that caspase-11 and GSDMD are implicated in the recruitment and activation of immune cells during Brucella infection. Finally, depletion of neutrophils renders wild-type mice more susceptible to Brucella infection. Taken together, these data suggest that caspase-11/GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis triggered by B. abortus is important to infection restriction in vivo and contributes to immune cell recruitment and activation