Mensurações ultrassonográficas da cisterna da glândula mamária de caprino transgênico

Milk production of transgenic does was evaluated by ultrasound measurements of the mammary gland. Two Canindé goats, which were nine months of age were used in the trial, one non-transgenic or other transgenic for hG-CSF. For hormone-induced lactation, animals were given estradiol (0.25mg/kg, IM), progesterone (0.75mg/kg, IM), and prednisolone (0.4mg/kg, IM). Ultrasonographic exams were carried out during milking, using a Falcon 100 ultrasound equipment with a 5MHz convex probe and were performed by the same operator. The results were expressed as mean±standard error. The maximum greater length and shorter length of the cistern were respectively 5.14cm and 1.36cm for the transgenic animal and 7.28cm and 2.25cm for non-transgenic, which is consistent with the maximum milk volume produced. The relationship between the average area of cisterns and milk yield was expressed as a linear correlation curve, with a correlation coefficient significantly positive for both transgenic (Y=-1.1314+10.8538*x; r=0.97) and non-transgenic (Y=-21.7551+18.3634*x; r=0.97) animals. In conclusion, the ultrasound is a practice and appropriate technique to evaluate the cisterns in ruminant udders in transgenic animal

Analysis of factors contributing to the efficiency of the in vitro production of transgenic goat embryos (Capra hircus) by handmade cloning (HMC)

AbstractCloning by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) still is challenging and inefficient. Recently, the handmade cloning (HMC) procedures have been successfully applied to livestock species. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of distinct oocyte sources (in vivo vs. post-mortem) and the final cytoplasmic embryo volume (∼85% or 2×50%) on fusion rates and on the developmental potential of Day-1 or Day-7 cloned transgenic goat embryos produced by HMC procedures. Cloned embryos were reconstructed by HMC using skin fibroblast donor cells established from a transgenic goat. Oocytes were obtained in vivo by laparoscopic oocyte recovery (LOR) from hormonally stimulated females or post-mortem from slaughterhouse ovaries from nonstimulated goats, resulting in no differences in the number of aspirated follicles, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), and viable COCs per goat. However, the COC recovery rate was higher for slaughterhouse ovaries (86.0%) than for LOR (73.0%). Also, cytoplasmic volume (∼85% vs. 2×50%) had no effect on fusion rates after embryo reconstruction. Using slaughterhouse ovaries for cloning, a total of 18.0% (27/150) and 12.7% (19/150) of the in vitro-cultured embryos developed to the compact morula and blastocyst stages on Day 7. However, no recipients became pregnant on Day 30 following the transfer of Day-1 or Day-7 embryos. In conclusion, the use of slaughterhouse ovaries was as valuable to supply oocytes for the production of cloned goat embryos by HMC as the in vivo approach. The HMC was proven a simple alternative for the production of cloned transgenic goat embryos