101 research outputs found
Deep Submillimeter Surveys: Luminous Infrared Galaxies at High Redshift
Deep surveys at 850microns from Mauna Kea using the SCUBA camera on the JCMT
appear to have discovered a substantial population of ultraluminous infrared
galaxies (ULIGs: L_ir > 10^{12} L_sun). The cumulative space density of these
sources (~10,000 per sq.deg with S_850 > 1mJy) is sufficient to account for
nearly all of the extragalactic background light at submillimeter wavelengths.
Current estimates of the redshift distribution suggest a peak in the comoving
space density of SCUBA sources at z = 1-3, similar to what is observed for QSOs
and radio galaxies. The luminosity density in the far-infrared/submillimeter
exceeds that in the UV by factors of 3-10 over this redshift range, implying
that as much as 80-90% of the "activity" in galaxies at z < 4 is hidden by
dust. The SCUBA sources plausibly represent the primary epoch in the formation
of spheroids and massive black holes triggered by major mergers of large
gas-rich disks.Comment: LaTex, 14 pages with 9 embedded .eps figures. To appear in ``Space
Infrared Telescopes and Related Science", 32nd COSPAR workshop, Nagoya, Japan
1998, ed. T. Matsumoto, T. de Graau
Form factors in lattice QCD
Lattice simulations of QCD have produced precise estimates for the masses of
the lowest-lying hadrons which show excellent agreement with experiment. By
contrast, lattice results for the vector and axial vector form factors of the
nucleon show significant deviations from their experimental determination. We
present results from our ongoing project to compute a variety of form factors
with control over all systematic uncertainties. In the case of the pion
electromagnetic form factor we employ partially twisted boundary conditions to
extract the pion charge radius directly from the linear slope of the form
factor near vanishing momentum transfer. In the nucleon sector we focus
specifically on the possible contamination from contributions of higher excited
states. We argue that summed correlation functions offer the possibility of
eliminating this source of systematic error. As an illustration of the method
we discuss our results for the axial charge, gA, of the nucleon.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, presented at Conclusive Symposium, CRC443,
"Many-body structure of strongly interacting systems", 23-25 Feb 2011, Mainz,
German
Molecular characterization of Menangle Virus, a novel Paramyxovirus which infects pigs, fruit bats, and humans
Menangle virus (MenV), isolated in August 1997 following an outbreak of reproductive disease in a piggery in New South Wales, is the second previously unclassified member of the family Paramyxoviridae to be identified in Australia since 1994. Similar to Hendra virus (HeV), MenV appears to be a virus of fruit bats (flying foxes) in the genus Pteropus. No serological cross-reactivity was detected between MenV and other known paramyxoviruses and to facilitate virus classification a cDNA subtraction method was used to obtain viral-specific cDNA from MenV-infected cells. Cloning and sequencing of the products enabled the entire sequences of the NP, P/V, M, F, and HN genes to be determined. Comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences for each gene with members of the family Paramyxoviridae, determination of the P gene mRNA editing strategy, and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that MenV is a new member of the genus Rubulavirus. However the deduced protein sequence of MenV HN exhibited only limited sequence homology when compared with attachment proteins of other paramyxoviruses. Key differences within the amino acid residues considered important determinants of neuraminidase activity suggest MenV HN is unlikely to possess the same degree of neuraminidase activity characteristic of other rubulavirus and respirovirus HN protein
Recombinant viral vaccines for enzootic bovine leucosis
Recently published studies on the development and use of recombinant vaccinia virus (VV) vaccines incorporating either the complete envelope (env) gene or only a fragment of the env gene consisting of the coding sequence for the env glycoprotein 51 (gp51) and part of gp30 of the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) are described. It has been reported that vaccination of sheep with recombinant VV vaccines containing the complete env gene appears to protect sheep against challenge infection with BLV. The evidence for this protection is based on the lack of persistence of high titres of anti-gp51 antibodies compared with unvaccinated BLV infected controls, on the enhanced CD4 proliferative responses to specific BLV gp51 synthetic peptides in the vaccinated sheep, and on the inability to detect BLV pro-virus by polymerase chain reaction in the vaccinated sheep after 4 months following challenge infection compared with continual detection in unvaccinated sheep over a 16 month trial period. It has been suggested that cell-mediated immune responses may be an important aspect of protective immunity against BLV infection and it has been reported that large tracts of amino acid sequences within the env and pol genes are highly conserved in different isolates from different countries which is of importance in designing peptide derived vaccines
Capripoxviruses : an emerging worldwide threat to sheep, goats and cattle
Capripoxviruses are the cause of sheeppox, goatpox and lumpy skin disease (LSD) of cattle. These diseases are of great economic significance to farmers in regions in which they are endemic and are a major constraint to international trade in livestock and their products. Although the distribution of capripoxviruses is considerably reduced from what it was even 50 years ago, they are now expanding their territory, with recent outbreaks of sheeppox or goatpox in Vietnam, Mongolia and Greece, and outbreaks of LSD in Ethiopia, Egypt and Israel. Increased legal and illegal trade in live animals provides the potential for further spread, with, for instance, the possibility of LSD becoming firmly established in Asia. This review briefly summarizes what is known about capripoxviruses, including their impact on livestock production, their geographic range, host-specificity, clinical disease, transmission and genomics, and considers current developments in diagnostic tests and vaccines. Capripoxviruses have the potential to become emerging disease threats because of global climate change and changes in patterns of trade in animals and animal products. They also could be used as economic bioterrorism agents
Antigenic diversity and size diversity of P. falciparum antigens in isolates from Gambian patients. II. The schizont surface glycoprotein of molecular weight ∼ 200 000
Self-consistency of electron-THF cross sections using electron swarm techniques
The drift velocity and first Townsend ionization coefficient of electrons in gaseous tetrahydrofuran are measured over the range of reduced electric fields 4-1000 Td using a pulsed-Townsend technique. The measured drift velocities and Townsend ionization coefficients are subsequently used, in conjunction with a multi-term Boltzmann equation analysis, as a further discriminative assessment on the accuracy and completeness of a recently proposed set of electron-THF vapor cross sections. In addition, the sensitivity of the transport coefficients to uncertainties in the existing cross sections is presented. As a result of that analysis, a refinement of the momentum transfer cross section for electron-THF scattering is presented, along with modifications to the neutral dissociation and dissociative electron attachment cross sections. With these changes to the cross section database, we find relatively good self-consistency between the measured and simulated drift velocities and Townsend coefficients
Diagnostic assays and sampling protocols for the detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a fungus belonging to the Phylum Chytridiomycota, Class Chytridiomycetes, Order Chytridiales, and is the highly infectious aetiological agent responsible for a potentially fatal disease, chytridiomycosis, which is currently decimating many of the world’s amphibian populations. The fungus infects 2 amphibian orders (Anura and Caudata), 14 families and at least 200 species and is responsible for at least 1 species extinction. Whilst the origin of the agent and routes of transmission are being debated, it has been recognised that successful management of the disease will require effective sampling regimes and detection assays. We have developed a range of unique sampling protocols together with diagnostic assays for the detection of B. dendrobatidis in both living and deceased tadpoles and adults. Here, we formally present our data and discuss them in respect to assay sensitivity, specificity, repeatability and reproducibility. We suggest that compliance with the recommended protocols will avoid the generation of spurious results, thereby providing the international scientific and regulatory community with a set of validated procedures which will assist in the successful management of chytridiomycosis i
Construction of recombinant fowlpox viruses carrying multiple vaccine antigens and immunomodulatory molecules
Genetic studies on a major merozoite surface antigen of the malaria parasite of rodents, Plasmodium chabaudi
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