67 research outputs found
Effect of Shear Modes Interference in Anisotropic Materials
Ultrasonic signals transmitted through a plate by shear waves in weakly anisotropic materials are usually not separable in the time domain and thus interfere at the receiver. The interference signal bears information on material anisotropy due to texture or residual stresses. This dependence of the interference signals on material properties can be utilized practically. Blinka and Sachse [1] used interference of two shear waves to measure stress applied normally to the direction of wave propagation in an aluminum specimen. The phenomenon is also described in [2]. The change of acoustic microscopy contrast is attributed by Dreschler-Krasicka to stress induced interference [3]. Various interference phenomena in crystalline solids are described by Wolfe in [4]
On the Klein-Gordon equation and hyperbolic pseudoanalytic function theory
Elliptic pseudoanalytic function theory was considered independently by Bers
and Vekua decades ago. In this paper we develop a hyperbolic analogue of
pseudoanalytic function theory using the algebra of hyperbolic numbers. We
consider the Klein-Gordon equation with a potential. With the aid of one
particular solution we factorize the Klein-Gordon operator in terms of two
Vekua-type operators. We show that real parts of the solutions of one of these
Vekua-type operators are solutions of the considered Klein-Gordon equation.
Using hyperbolic pseudoanalytic function theory, we then obtain explicit
construction of infinite systems of solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation with
potential. Finally, we give some examples of application of the proposed
procedure
ΠΠ°ΡΠ½Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Ρ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
Aliterature review is dedicated to the use of Parnaparin in various surgical specialties. Prevention and treatment of thromboembolic complications is the major indication for the use of Parnaparin. In the review, the authors dwell on comparative studies of the efficacy oflow molecular weight heparins and unfractionated heparin. They also discuss in detail pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Parnaparin, its structure and effect on hemostasis components. Due tolack of direct comparative studies of variouslow molecular weight heparins, the authors provide reviews based on the network meta-analysis, which allowed them to identify the advantages of a specificlow molecular weight heparin by indirect comparison.There are few direct comparative studies of variouslow molecular weight heparins in theliterature, which does not allow for an objective assessment of their advantages and disadvantages. The authors do not only provideliterature data on direct comparative studies, but also show data on indirect comparisons (network meta-analysis). They analysed the efficacy of Parnaparin and otherlow molecular weight heparins for the prevention of thromboembolic complications, treatment of deep vein thrombosis and post-thrombophlebitic syndrome. The issues of the efficacy of Parnaparin in chronic arterial insufficiency and use in acute coronary syndrome are highlighted separately. The final part of the review is concerned with a promising, butlittle-known area of prophylaxis of restenosis and prevention of atherosclerosis progression. Experimental studies have allowed us to state that Parnaparin is one of the most effectivelow molecular weight heparins as far as thromboembolic complications are concerned. Parnaparin significantly reduces frequency of DVT events and, at the same time, decreases major bleeding risk as compared with unfractionated heparin. No dose adjustment is required in obese patients. Dose adjustments are based not on body weight but on risk factors for thrombosis, and obesity is only one of them to be considered to choose a dose. Amonglow molecular weight heparins, Parnaparin is one of the most potent drugs that reduces the proliferative and migratory capacity of smooth muscle cells; however, further research is needed to assess the prospects of using Parnaparin for the prevention of restenosis.ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π·Π²Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π±ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π°. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ½Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°, Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π°, ΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ - ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Development of recurrent coastal plume in Lake Michigan observed for first time
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94637/1/eost11132.pd
Π ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΅Π΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Nonspecific aortoarteritis is a systemic disease, which has been referred to the group of vasculitis affecting elastic and muscular arteries oflarge and medium calibre with the inflammatory processlocalized in the media and adventitia. The article presents the history of development of ideas about clinical manifestations, morphological changes and the course of the disease from 1761 to the present day, the timeline of medical advances in this disease studies. The genuine interest in nonspecific aortoarteritis arose at the beginning of thelast century, when the Japanese ophthalmologist Mikito Takayasu reported unusual changes in the retinal vessels of a 21-year-old Japanese girl suffering from recurrent bouts of syncope. The first publications dealt with clinical manifestations in the patients, who had only brachiocephalic arterial involvement. In the early 60s, it was found that nonspecific aortoarteritis (Takayasu's disease) can affect not only the branches of the aortic arch, but also the thoracic aorta, renal and visceral arteries. It was the mosaic clinical manifestations in patients with various forms of Takayasu's disease that caused the presentation of the disease in theliterature until the mid-1970s under various terms such as βpulseless diseaseβ, βarteritis of young womenβ, βbrachiocephalic arteritisβ, βatypical coarctation of aortaβ, βMartorell's syndromeβ, βsyndrome of obliteration of the supra-aortic trunksβ, βpanaortitisβ or βpanarteritisβ, βaortitis syndromeβ, βmid-aortic syndromeβ, βocclusive thromboarteriopathyβ. The review details the epidemiology and prevalence of this disease. Views not only on the etiology and pathogenesis, but also on the methods of treating this disease have changed since M. Takayasu's publication in 1908. Much attention is paid to the historical aspect of the first surgical procedures. Starting in 1951, the surgical method has firmly taken the lead in the treatment of stenosis of the carotid arteries, thoracic aorta, renal and visceral arteries. Surgical concepts changed, but the literature data indicate the sustainability of the basic principle of treatment: combination of surgical interventions and various antiinflammatory therapy regimens.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈΡ - ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ ΠΊ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±ΡΠ° Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ 1761 Π³. ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π°ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡ-ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ Mikito Takayasu ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ 21-Π»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ. Π Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ 60-Ρ
Π³Π³. Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈΡ (Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ) ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π°ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π°ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ 1970-Ρ
Π³Π³. Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ: Β«Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Β», Β«Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ
ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Β», Β«Π±ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈΡΒ», Β«Π°ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π°ΠΎΡΡΡΒ», Β«ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΡΒ», Β«ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΠ°Π°ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Β», Β«ΠΏΠ°Π½Π°ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΒ» ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Β«ΠΏΠ°Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈΡΒ», Β«ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Π°ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Β», Β«ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π°ΠΎΡΡΡΒ», Β«ΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΒ». Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ M. Takayasu Π² 1908 Π³. ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ 1951 Π³. Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π½ΡΠ» Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π·ΡΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ
Search for chameleons with CAST
In this work we present a search for (solar) chameleons with the CERN Axion
Solar Telescope (CAST). This novel experimental technique, in the field of dark
energy research, exploits both the chameleon coupling to matter () and to photons () via the Primakoff effect. By reducing
the X-ray detection energy threshold used for axions from 1keV to 400eV
CAST became sensitive to the converted solar chameleon spectrum which peaks
around 600eV. Even though we have not observed any excess above background,
we can provide a 95% C.L. limit for the coupling strength of chameleons to
photons of for .Comment: 8 pages, 12 figure
Performance of the LHCb outer tracker
The LHCb Outer Tracker is a gaseous detector covering an area of 5 Γ 6 m2 with 12 double layers of straw tubes. The detector with its services are described together with the commissioning and calibration procedures. Based on data of the first LHC running period from 2010 to 2012, the performance of the readout electronics and the single hit resolution and efficiency are presented. The efficiency to detect a hit in the central half of the straw is estimated to be 99.2%, and the position resolution is determined to be approximately 200 ΞΌm. The Outer Tracker received a dose in the hottest region corresponding to 0.12 C/cm, and no signs of gain deterioration or other ageing effects are observed
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