67 research outputs found

    Effect of Shear Modes Interference in Anisotropic Materials

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    Ultrasonic signals transmitted through a plate by shear waves in weakly anisotropic materials are usually not separable in the time domain and thus interfere at the receiver. The interference signal bears information on material anisotropy due to texture or residual stresses. This dependence of the interference signals on material properties can be utilized practically. Blinka and Sachse [1] used interference of two shear waves to measure stress applied normally to the direction of wave propagation in an aluminum specimen. The phenomenon is also described in [2]. The change of acoustic microscopy contrast is attributed by Dreschler-Krasicka to stress induced interference [3]. Various interference phenomena in crystalline solids are described by Wolfe in [4]

    On the Klein-Gordon equation and hyperbolic pseudoanalytic function theory

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    Elliptic pseudoanalytic function theory was considered independently by Bers and Vekua decades ago. In this paper we develop a hyperbolic analogue of pseudoanalytic function theory using the algebra of hyperbolic numbers. We consider the Klein-Gordon equation with a potential. With the aid of one particular solution we factorize the Klein-Gordon operator in terms of two Vekua-type operators. We show that real parts of the solutions of one of these Vekua-type operators are solutions of the considered Klein-Gordon equation. Using hyperbolic pseudoanalytic function theory, we then obtain explicit construction of infinite systems of solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation with potential. Finally, we give some examples of application of the proposed procedure

    ΠŸΠ°Ρ€Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ Π² Ρ…ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡ€Π³ΠΈΠΈ, сосудистой Ρ…ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡ€Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π² смСТных дисциплинах

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    Aliterature review is dedicated to the use of Parnaparin in various surgical specialties. Prevention and treatment of thromboembolic complications is the major indication for the use of Parnaparin. In the review, the authors dwell on comparative studies of the efficacy oflow molecular weight heparins and unfractionated heparin. They also discuss in detail pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Parnaparin, its structure and effect on hemostasis components. Due tolack of direct comparative studies of variouslow molecular weight heparins, the authors provide reviews based on the network meta-analysis, which allowed them to identify the advantages of a specificlow molecular weight heparin by indirect comparison.There are few direct comparative studies of variouslow molecular weight heparins in theliterature, which does not allow for an objective assessment of their advantages and disadvantages. The authors do not only provideliterature data on direct comparative studies, but also show data on indirect comparisons (network meta-analysis). They analysed the efficacy of Parnaparin and otherlow molecular weight heparins for the prevention of thromboembolic complications, treatment of deep vein thrombosis and post-thrombophlebitic syndrome. The issues of the efficacy of Parnaparin in chronic arterial insufficiency and use in acute coronary syndrome are highlighted separately. The final part of the review is concerned with a promising, butlittle-known area of prophylaxis of restenosis and prevention of atherosclerosis progression. Experimental studies have allowed us to state that Parnaparin is one of the most effectivelow molecular weight heparins as far as thromboembolic complications are concerned. Parnaparin significantly reduces frequency of DVT events and, at the same time, decreases major bleeding risk as compared with unfractionated heparin. No dose adjustment is required in obese patients. Dose adjustments are based not on body weight but on risk factors for thrombosis, and obesity is only one of them to be considered to choose a dose. Amonglow molecular weight heparins, Parnaparin is one of the most potent drugs that reduces the proliferative and migratory capacity of smooth muscle cells; however, further research is needed to assess the prospects of using Parnaparin for the prevention of restenosis.ΠžΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ посвящСн использованию ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡΡ… хирургичСского профиля. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ для примСнСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π° являСтся Π΅Π³ΠΎ использованиС для ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ лСчСния тромбоэмболичСских ослоТнСний. Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдованиях эффСктивности низкомолСкулярных Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ обсуТдаСтся Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π΅Π³ΠΎ структура ΠΈ влияниС Π½Π° звСнья гСмостаза. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ нСдостаткС Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… прямых ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… низкомолСкулярных Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ приводят Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сСтСвого ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ косвСнного сравнСния Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ прСимущСства ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ низкомолСкулярного Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°. АнализируСтся ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… низкомолСкулярных Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² для ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ тромбоэмболичСских ослоТнСний, лСчСния Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π° Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ… Π²Π΅Π½ ΠΈ посттромбофлСбитичСского синдрома. ΠžΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ освСщСны вопросы эффСктивности ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ хроничСской Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ нСдостаточности ΠΈ использования ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ остром ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ синдромС. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π° посвящСна пСрспСктивному, Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ рСстСнозов ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ прогрСссирования атСросклСроза. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ эффСктивных низкомолСкулярных Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ тромбоэмболичСских ослоТнСний. ΠŸΠ°Ρ€Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ Π² сравнСнии с Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ достовСрно Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎ сниТаСт частоту Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π° Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ… Π²Π΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ шанс Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠšΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ осущСствляСтся Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ массС Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π°, Π° ΠΏΠΎ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌ риска Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π°, ΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ являСтся лишь ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ…, ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ низкомолСкулярных Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ - ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ пСрспСктивности примСнСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ рСстСнозов Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдования

    К истории изучСния Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ Вакаясу ΠΈ хирургичСских ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΅Π΅ лСчСния

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    Nonspecific aortoarteritis is a systemic disease, which has been referred to the group of vasculitis affecting elastic and muscular arteries oflarge and medium calibre with the inflammatory processlocalized in the media and adventitia. The article presents the history of development of ideas about clinical manifestations, morphological changes and the course of the disease from 1761 to the present day, the timeline of medical advances in this disease studies. The genuine interest in nonspecific aortoarteritis arose at the beginning of thelast century, when the Japanese ophthalmologist Mikito Takayasu reported unusual changes in the retinal vessels of a 21-year-old Japanese girl suffering from recurrent bouts of syncope. The first publications dealt with clinical manifestations in the patients, who had only brachiocephalic arterial involvement. In the early 60s, it was found that nonspecific aortoarteritis (Takayasu's disease) can affect not only the branches of the aortic arch, but also the thoracic aorta, renal and visceral arteries. It was the mosaic clinical manifestations in patients with various forms of Takayasu's disease that caused the presentation of the disease in theliterature until the mid-1970s under various terms such as β€œpulseless disease”, β€œarteritis of young women”, β€œbrachiocephalic arteritis”, β€œatypical coarctation of aorta”, β€œMartorell's syndrome”, β€œsyndrome of obliteration of the supra-aortic trunks”, β€œpanaortitis” or β€œpanarteritis”, β€œaortitis syndrome”, β€œmid-aortic syndrome”, β€œocclusive thromboarteriopathy”. The review details the epidemiology and prevalence of this disease. Views not only on the etiology and pathogenesis, but also on the methods of treating this disease have changed since M. Takayasu's publication in 1908. Much attention is paid to the historical aspect of the first surgical procedures. Starting in 1951, the surgical method has firmly taken the lead in the treatment of stenosis of the carotid arteries, thoracic aorta, renal and visceral arteries. Surgical concepts changed, but the literature data indicate the sustainability of the basic principle of treatment: combination of surgical interventions and various antiinflammatory therapy regimens.НСспСцифичСский Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈΡ‚ - систСмноС Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, относящССся ΠΊ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ васкулитов, прСимущСствСнно ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ эластичСского ΠΈ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ-эластичСского Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ срСднСго ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±Ρ€Π° с Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ описана история развития прСдставлСний ΠΎ клиничСских проявлСниях, морфологичСских измСнСниях ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ заболСвания с 1761 Π³. ΠΏΠΎ настоящСС врСмя, хронология мСдицинских достиТСний Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ этого заболСвания. Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ интСрСс ΠΊ нСспСцифичСскому Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ столСтия, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° японский профСссор-ΠΎΡ„Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ Mikito Takayasu сообщил ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… измСнСниях сосудов сСтчатки Ρƒ 21-Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π½Π΅ΠΉ японской Π΄Π΅Π²ΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ приступами. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ касались клиничСских проявлСний Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ с ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΠΈΠΎΡ†Π΅Ρ„Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ. Π’ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ 60-Ρ… Π³Π³. Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ нСспСцифичСский Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈΡ‚ (болСзнь Вакаясу) ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΈ Π΄ΡƒΠ³ΠΈ Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρ‹, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρƒ, ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡ†Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ. ИмСнно ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ клиничСскиС проявлСния Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ Вакаясу явились ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ сСрСдины 1970-Ρ… Π³Π³. Π²ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ: «болСзнь отсутствия ΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ°Β», Β«Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈΡ‚ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Β», Β«Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΠΈΠΎΡ†Π΅Ρ„Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈΡ‚Β», «атипичная коарктация Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρ‹Β», «синдром ΠœΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π»Π»ΡΒ», «синдром ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… стволов», Β«ΠΏΠ°Π½Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Β» ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Β«ΠΏΠ°Π½Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈΡ‚Β», «синдром Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π°Β», «синдром срСднСй части Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρ‹Β», Β«ΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ»ΡŽΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ тромбоартСриопатия». Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ освСщСна эпидСмиология ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ этого заболСвания. Π‘ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ M. Takayasu Π² 1908 Π³. измСнились воззрСния Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π° способы лСчСния этого заболСвания. Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ историчСскому аспСкту ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ… хирургичСских ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ. Начиная с 1951 Π³. хирургичСский ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ занял Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅Π΅ мСсто Π² Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ стСнотичСских ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ сонных Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ, Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡ†Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ. МСнялись хирургичСскиС ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎ нСзыблСмости основного ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ° лСчСния: сочСтаниС хирургичСских Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π² с Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ схСмами ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ

    Search for chameleons with CAST

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    In this work we present a search for (solar) chameleons with the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST). This novel experimental technique, in the field of dark energy research, exploits both the chameleon coupling to matter (Ξ²m\beta_{\rm m}) and to photons (Ξ²Ξ³\beta_{\gamma}) via the Primakoff effect. By reducing the X-ray detection energy threshold used for axions from 1 \,keV to 400 \,eV CAST became sensitive to the converted solar chameleon spectrum which peaks around 600 \,eV. Even though we have not observed any excess above background, we can provide a 95% C.L. limit for the coupling strength of chameleons to photons of βγ ⁣≲ ⁣1011\beta_{\gamma}\!\lesssim\!10^{11} for 1<Ξ²m<1061<\beta_{\rm m}<10^6.Comment: 8 pages, 12 figure

    Performance of the LHCb outer tracker

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    The LHCb Outer Tracker is a gaseous detector covering an area of 5 Γ— 6 m2 with 12 double layers of straw tubes. The detector with its services are described together with the commissioning and calibration procedures. Based on data of the first LHC running period from 2010 to 2012, the performance of the readout electronics and the single hit resolution and efficiency are presented. The efficiency to detect a hit in the central half of the straw is estimated to be 99.2%, and the position resolution is determined to be approximately 200 ΞΌm. The Outer Tracker received a dose in the hottest region corresponding to 0.12 C/cm, and no signs of gain deterioration or other ageing effects are observed
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