Extended moment arm anti-spin device

A device which corrects aerodynamic spin is provided in which a collapsible boom extends an aircraft moment arm and an anti-spin parachute force is exerted upon the end of the moment arm to correct intentional or inadvertent aerodynamic spin. This configuration effects spin recovery by means of a parachute whose required diameter decreases as an inverse function of the increasing length of the moment arm. The collapsible boom enables the parachute to avoid the aircraft wake without mechanical assistance, retracts to permit steep takeoff, and permits a parachute to correct spin while minimizing associated aerodynamic, structural and in-flight complications

Selectable towline spin chute system

An emergency spin recovery parachute is presented that is housed within a centrally mounted housing on the aft end of an aircraft and connected to a ring fitting within the housing. Two selectively latching shackles connected to separate towlines are openly disposed adjacent the ring fitting. The towlines extend in opposite directions from the housing along the aircraft wing to attachment points adjacent the wing-tips where the other end of each towline is secured. Upon pilot command, one of the open shackles latches to the ring fitting to attach the towline connected thereto, and a second command signal deploys the parachute. Suitable break-away straps secure the towlines to the aircraft surface until the parachute is deployed and the resulting force on the towline attached to the parachute overcomes the straps and permits the towline to extend to the point of attachment to exert sufficient drag on the spinning aircraft to permit the pilot to regain control of the aircraft. To employ the parachute as a drag chute to reduce landing speeds, both shackles and their respective towlines are latched to the ring fitting

Spin-tunnel investigation of a 1/25-scale model of the General Dynamics F-16XL airplane

A spin-tunnel investigation of the spin and recovery characteristics of a 1/25-scale model to the General Dynamics F-16XL aircraft was conducted in the Langley Spin Tunnel. Tests included erect and inverted spins at various symmetric and asymmetric loading conditions. The required size of an emergency spin-recovery parachute was determined

Regional price targets appropriate for advanced coal extraction

A methodology is presented for predicting coal prices in regional markets for the target time frames 1985 and 2000 that could subsequently be used to guide the development of an advanced coal extraction system. The model constructed is a supply and demand model that focuses on underground mining since the advanced technology is expected to be developed for these reserves by the target years. Coal reserve data and the cost of operating a mine are used to obtain the minimum acceptable selling price that would induce the producer to bring the mine into production. Based on this information, market supply curves can be generated. Demand by region is calculated based on an EEA methodology that emphasizes demand by electric utilities and demand by industry. The demand and supply curves are then used to obtain the price targets. The results show a growth in the size of the markets for compliance and low sulphur coal regions. A significant rise in the real price of coal is not expected even by the year 2000. The model predicts heavy reliance on mines with thick seams, larger block size and deep overburden

WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF THE WOOL ACT

A model of the U.S. sheep industry is estimated and simulated to determine the impact of the wool incentive program on actors in U.S. sheep product markets. The simulation analysis indicates that U.S. sheep producers and lamb and wool consumers are the programÂ’s gainers while lamb and wool exporters and taxpayers are its losers. Net societal losses averaged $26.4 million per year during the 1980-85 period, considering U.S. as well as exporter interests. This loss is about 2.5% of average U.S. consumer expenditures on lamb and wool over the period.Agricultural and Food Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,

THE CYCLICAL NATURE OF THE U.S. SHEEP INDUSTRY

The cyclical nature of numbers and prices of sheep and lambs was examined from 1924 through 1993. Tests for structural change also were conducted utilizing the minimization of Akaike's information criterion (MAIC). Results indicate that cyclical length in both stock sheep numbers and lamb prices has decreased over time, with a current 10- and 27-year cycle in stock sheep numbers and nine- and 27-year cycle lamb prices. Structural changes occurred in 1951 and 1968 for stock sheep number and in 1952 and 1972 for lamb prices.Livestock Production/Industries,

IMPACT OF CHANGING CONSUMER PREFERENCES ON WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY FOR BEEF STEAKS

Consumer/Household Economics,

REVEALED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND THE MEASUREMENT OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS FOR AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF WOOL EXPORTERS

Trade liberalization and laissez-faire economics are altering the structure of agricultural production and trade. The principle of comparative advantage, a classic tenet of economics, is a useful tool for understanding the future of world agriculture. This study employs a "Revealed Comparative Advantage" approach to investigate patterns of comparative advantage among six major wool exporting countries.International Relations/Trade,

IMPACT OF CHANGING CONSUMER PREFERENCES ON WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY FOR BEEF STEAKS IN ALTERNATIVE RETAIL PACKAGING

The purpose of this study was to identify how consumer perceptions of selected attributes of beef steaks, individual consumer demographics and perceived changes in purchases of substitute meats affect willingness-to-pay for beef rib-eye steaks in the traditional overwrapped styrofoam tray and vacuum skin packages. A laboratory auction was used to obtain willingness-to-pay data. The results suggest that health related factors, particularly the concern regarding cholesterol, reduced the willingness-to-pay for beef rib-eye steaks, regardless of package type. For the vacuum skin package to be successful, information about the package is necessary, along with providing a consistent and quality product, particularly with respect to trim.Consumer/Household Economics,

The Changing Landscape of Scholarly Publishing: Will Radiation Research Survive?

As a society published journal, Radiation Research has been a successful and enduring project of the Radiation Research Society (RRS). In 59 years of publication, the journal has produced 732 issues and 10,712 articles. As a nonprofit organization, RRS, like most societies, has used revenues from subscriptions to support, in part, the life of the organization (meetings, conferences and grants to new scholars). The model for scientific publishing, however, continues to evolve. Radiation Research has weathered the rise of electronic publishing, consolidation in the commercial publishing industry, the aggregation of library subscriptions and library subscription cuts. Recent years have seen dramatic changes in how scholarly publishing is financed and new funder and institution policies will accelerate these changes. The growth of open access to journal articles reflects the information habits of readers and facilitates the dissemination of new knowledge. The Radiation Research Society, however, will need to account for and adapt to changes in the publishing market if it intends to support the communication of peer reviewed scholarship in the future