Theoretical issues construction and operation of agricultural mission robotic system

Theoretical issues construction and operation of agricultural mission robotic system. Theoretical issues and approach to the construction and operation of robotic systems for agricultural purposes were presented. To solve scientific problem of optimal design and use of intelligent mobile robots detailed considerations were undertaken on the base some equations

The potential of organic waste as a substrate for anaerobic digestion in Ukraine: trend definitions and environmental safety of the practices

This article is devoted to the analysis and prospects of using different types of organic waste to achieve environmental goals. Due to the unique climate and natural resources, Ukraine has significant potential for biomass, the processing of which should solve urgent problems with the disposal of waste, as well as the production of alternative energy sources and biofertilizers. The preferred substrates for anaerobic digestion in Ukraine, considering the technological feasibility, availability, and volume are animal manure (cattle, pigs), bird droppings, plant residues, industrial sludge, common sludges. After analyzing the statistics for 2015-2019, the groups of dominant wastes were identified, and with the help of the built-in function “TREND”, the forecast of the waste potential with an organic component for 2021–2026 was constructed. Examining the obtained indicators for different types of waste, the reasons for the tendency of decrease or increase in their formation in the next five years were revealed. The direction of enhancing the sustainability of bioenergy, achieving environmental goals through the bioprocessing of organic waste associated with the ecological safety of production processes were discussed

Methods for Intensifying Biogas Production from Waste: A Scientometric Review of Cavitation and Electrolysis Treatments

This article presents future trends in research using microbiological methods to intensify bioprocesses for biogas production. The pretreatment by combinations of physical and chemical methods, such as cavitation and electrolysis, is considered. The approach of the article involved reviewing the residual area on the intensification technologies of anaerobic digestion with current methods to improve the quality and quantity of biogas. The most valuable reported positive results of the pretreatment of biological rawmaterials in the cavitation process were reviewed and are presented here. A model of the effect of electrolysis on the species diversity of bacteria in anaerobic digestion was developed, and changes in the dominance of the ecological and trophic systems were revealed on the basis of previous studies. The stimulating effect on biogas yield, reduction in the stabilization period of the reactor, and inactivation of microorganisms at lower temperatures is associated with different pretreatment methods that intensify anaerobic digestion. More research is recommended to focus on the electrolysis treatment of different types of waste and their ratios with optimization of regime parameters, as well as in combination with other pretreatments to produce biomethane and biohydrogen in larger quantities and in better qualities

Preventive improvement of wastewater treatment efficiency

This paper focuses on studying the effect of electrolytic water on wastewater decontamination processes, using model solutions and wastewater from the food-processing plant. The aqueous solutions under study were obtained by changing the redox potential (ORP), and pH of ordinary tap water using a pH corrector, which is a flow-through electrolyzer with a membrane separating the cathode and anode zones, and the solutions were obtained by adding to tap water a solution containing products of electrokinetic synthesis. Parameters that changed as a result of the study: ORP, TDS, pH. Solutions capable of almost complete inhibition of the vital activity and growth of microorganisms were obtained. Also, solutions were obtained that promoted their development, and when seeding them on a dense nutrient medium, there was continuous growth. Further research is advisable to detail the technical and economic indicators of municipal and industrial facilities' water supply and sewerage schemes with preventive water treatment processes

Methods for Intensifying Biogas Production from Waste: A Scientometric Review of Cavitation and Electrolysis Treatments

This article presents future trends in research using microbiological methods to intensify bioprocesses for biogas production. The pretreatment by combinations of physical and chemical methods, such as cavitation and electrolysis, is considered. The approach of the article involved reviewing the residual area on the intensification technologies of anaerobic digestion with current methods to improve the quality and quantity of biogas. The most valuable reported positive results of the pretreatment of biological raw materials in the cavitation process were reviewed and are presented here. A model of the effect of electrolysis on the species diversity of bacteria in anaerobic digestion was developed, and changes in the dominance of the ecological and trophic systems were revealed on the basis of previous studies. The stimulating effect on biogas yield, reduction in the stabilization period of the reactor, and inactivation of microorganisms at lower temperatures is associated with different pretreatment methods that intensify anaerobic digestion. More research is recommended to focus on the electrolysis treatment of different types of waste and their ratios with optimization of regime parameters, as well as in combination with other pretreatments to produce biomethane and biohydrogen in larger quantities and in better qualities

The use of electrolysis processes in reagent-free water treatment: removal of hydrogen sulfur, organic iron, synthetic surface-active substances.

The use of electrotechnical equipment refers to reagent-free methods and makes it possible to simplify the automation schemes for facilities for removing pollutants from aqueous solutions. The article substantiates the approaches and structural diagrams of a reagent-free water purification unit based on the use of electrolysis processes. During the research, the processes of oxidation of pollutants were analyzed when a block of electrochemical action on aqueous solutions was used during processing. A diaphragm cell with an inactive membrane volume of 3.5 liters was used to implement the appropriate reagent-free method for removing pollutants from aqueous solutions. The solution of scientific and practical problems is shown: removal of hydrogen sulfide from water from a well before feeding it to the technological lines of a dairy plant; purification of waste water from an enterprise for the production of gelatinous products from organic iron and related pollutants; reduction of waste water pollutants of a cosmetology enterprise, with a focus on destructive effects on synthetic surfactants. Based on the analysi s of the results and treatment modes of three aqueous solutions, the structure of the block of reagent - free electrolysis treatment of aqueous solutions is substantiated.As a result of experimental studies, the prospects of electrical equipment have been confirmed. The reagent-free method will simplify the automation schemes for facilities for removing pollutants from aqueous solutions - accordingly, increase the reliability of such computer-integrated solutions. Further research should be directed to the s ubstantiation, creation and parameterization of mathematical models of combined electrotechnological water treatment complexes.Использование электротехнологического оборудования относится к безреагентным методам и позволяет упростить схемы автоматизации сооружений удаления загрязнителей из водных растворов. В статье обосновано подходы и структурные схемы блока безреагентной очистки воды на основе использования электролизных процессов. При исследованиях анализировались процессы окисления загрязнителей, когда при обработке применялся блок электрохимического воздействия на водные растворы. Для реализации соответствующего безреагентного метода удаления загрязнителей из водных растворов использовался диафрагменный электролизёр с неактивной мембранной объёмом 3,5 литра. Показано решение научно-практических задач: удаление сероводорода из воды со скважины перед подачей на технологические линии молокозавода; очистка сточной воды предприятия по производству желатиновой продукции от органического железа и сопутствующих полютантов; редукция загрязнителей сточной воды предприятия косметологии, с ориентацией на деструктивное воздействие на синтетические поверхностно-активные вещества. Исходя из анализа результатов и режимов обработки трёх водных растворов, обоснована структура блока безреагентной электролизной обработки водных растворов. В результате экспериментальных исследований подтверждена перспективность электротехнологического оборудования. Безреагентный метод позволит упростить схемы автоматизации сооружений удаления загрязнителей из водных растворов – соответственно, увеличить надёжность таких компьютерно-интегрированных решений. Дальнейшие исследования целесообразно направить на обоснование, создание и параметризацию математических моделей комбинированных электротехнологических комплексов водоочистки