17 research outputs found

    Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Se Kota Kupang

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    Diabetes Mellitus is well known as a chronic disease which can lead to a decrease in quality of life in all domains. The study aims to explore the diabetic type 2 patient\u27s quality of life and find out the factors affecting in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. The cross-sectional study design is used that included 65 patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in 11 public health centers of Kupang City. Data were collected by using Short Form Survey (SF-36) that assessed 8-scale health profile. Independent sample t-test is used to analyze the correlation between the factors affecting and the quality of life. the study showed that the QoL of DM patients decreased in all 8- health profile including physical functioning, social functioning, mental health, general health, pain, change in the role due to physical problems and emotional problems. The Study also showed there was a relationship between gender, duration of suffering from Diabetes mellitus, and complications to the quality of life. Male perceived a better quality of life than female

    CRITICAL OPALESCENCE OF PERFLUOROMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

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    Un spectromètre homodyne laser (6 328 Å) couvrant un domaine angulaire de 20° à 150°, stabilisé en température à ± 0,001 °C, a été raccordé à un ordinateur digital IBM 1800 ; l'interface permet l'introduction directe et simultanée des distributions angulaire et spectrale de la lumière diffusée par une solution près de son point critique de démixion. Le perfluorocyclohexane et le tétrachlorure de carbone utilisés furent soigneusement purifiés par chromatographie puis par distillation sous vide. Les données expérimentales furent obtenues à l'aide d'une cellule cylindrique de 8 mm (dia. int.) et d'une cellule parallépépidique ayant une longueur de 1 mm. Les mesures furent effectuées avec les ouvertures angulaires suivantes : intensité 1,4°, largeur de raie 0,5°. De ces mesures, nous déduisons que (1) la relation liant (Ic intensité de la lumière diffusée)-1 à K2 est vérifiée. (2) La variation avec la température de l'intensité à l'angle zéro (extrapolée) et la distance de corrélation (ζs) ont la forme : [MATH] I-1c αεγ où ε = (T- Tc)/Tc, et γ est l'exposant critique. Pour une solution de concentration critique, nous obtenons γ = 1,15 ± 0,02. La largeur de la raie Rayleigh du mélange critique a été mesurée entre 0,006 et 0,715 °C au-dessus de Tc, à des angles 30° ≤θ≤ 150°, correspondant à 0,704 105 ≤ K ≤ 2,63 105 cm-1. Dans le domaine hydrodynamique où ζs K ≪ 1 nous obtenons Ɖ = DK2 où D = D0 εγ* ; D0 = (1,24 ± 0,04) 10-5 cm2/s et γ* = 0,665 ± 0,018. Lorsque ζs K est petit mais non négligeable, nos résultats concordent avec une équation modifiée pour la largeur de la raie Rayleigh : Ɖ = DK2(1 + b ζ2 K2) où ζ = ζ0 ε-ν. Avec b = 3/5 nous trouvons ζ0 = 4,13 ± 0,22 Å et v = 0,540 ± 0,023. Dans la région critique ζs K > 1, nous démontrons que Ɖ = AK3. Pour 0,076 ≤ Kζs ≤ 3,75, nos résultats sont en accord avec la théorie de Kawasaki sur le couplage « mode-mode ». Toutefois, nos résultats démontrent que la relation γ* (= γ - Ψ) = νr or s (Kadanoff-Swift-Kawasaki) n'est pas vérifiée. Malgré tout, si nous prenons en considération les variations en fonction de la température et les anomalies de la viscosité à haute fréquence, γ - Ψ est voisin de v et dans le cas de l'acide isobutyrique dans l'eau γ - Ψ≈ν. Des considérations portant sur la « loi d'échelle » nous amènent à remettre en question la validité de la relation (sv = 2 - α) ou des relations équivalentes sv = γ + 2 β et sv = µ + ν.A laser homodyne spectrometer with a measurable angular range of 20°-150° and a temperature control of better than ± 0.001 °C was interfaced with an IBM 1800 digital computer for direct on-line data acquisition of the angular and the spectral distribution of the scattered intensity from a two-component critical liquid system, perfluoromethylcyclohexane-carbon tetrachloride, near its critical mixing point. Both components were purified by preparative gas chromatography and subsequent vacuum distillation. Special care was taken to select appropriate columns for the separation of impurities and to prevent contamination of the system from moisture. Scattering data were obtained by means of a cylindrical light-scattering cell of 8 mm i. d. and a flat cell with a 1 mm light path. The intensity measurements were obtained using an angular aperture of 1.4° while the linewidth measurements were obtained using an angular aperture of 0.5°. From our intensity studies we have observed that (1) the K2 dependence in the reciprocal scattered intensity due to concentration fluctuations (I-1c) is obeyed (2) the temperature dependence of the extrapolated zeroangle scattered intensity which is related to the osmotic coefficient (δµ/δC)P, T, has the form : [MATH]I-1c α εγ, where ε = (T - Tc)/Tc ; and γ is a critical exponent. We have obtained γ = 1.15 ± 0.02 at the critical solution concentration. The Rayleigh linewidth of the critical mixture was measured at temperatures between 0.006° and 0.715 °C above Tc, for scattering angles 30° ≤θ≤ 150° so that 7.04 x 104 cm-1 ≤ K ≤ 2.63 x 105 cm-1. In the hydrodynamic region where ζs K ≪ 1, we find Ɖ = DK2 with D = D0 εγ* ; D0 = (1,24 ± 0,04) 10-5 cm2/s where D0 εγ* ; D0 = (1,24 ± 0,04) 10-5 cm2/s and γ* = 0,665 ± 0,018 0.018. In the non-local hydrodynamic region where ζs K is small but not negligible when compared with unity, our results agree with a modified Rayleigh linewidth equation Ɖ = DK2(1 + b ζ2 K2) where ζ = ζ0 ε-ν. With b = 3/5 we find ζ0 = 4,13 ± 0,22 Å et v = 0,540 ± 0,023. In the critical region where ζs K > 1, we show that Ɖ approaches AK3. In the region 0,076 ≤ Kζs ≤ 3,75, our data agree quite well with the Kawasaki extended mode-mode coupling theory. Our results show that a direct application of the Kadanoff-Swift-Kawasaki result γ* (= γ - Ψ) = ν is invalid. However, if we take into account the temperature dependence and anomaly of the high-frequency shear viscosity, then γ - Ψ approaches v and, in the case of isobutyric acid in water, γ - Ψ≈ν. Scaling-law considerations also lead us to question the validity of the relation (sv = 2 - α) or its equivalents sv = γ + 2 β and sv = µ + ν
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