3,353 research outputs found
The Linear Point: A cleaner cosmological standard ruler
We show how a characteristic length scale imprinted in the galaxy two-point
correlation function, dubbed the "linear point", can serve as a comoving
cosmological standard ruler. In contrast to the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation
peak location, this scale is constant in redshift and is unaffected by
non-linear effects to within percent precision. We measure the location
of the linear point in the galaxy correlation function of the LOWZ and CMASS
samples from the Twelfth Data Release (DR12) of the Baryon Oscillation
Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) collaboration. We combine our linear-point
measurement with cosmic-microwave-background constraints from the Planck
satellite to estimate the isotropic-volume distance , without relying
on a model-template or reconstruction method. We find
Mpc and Mpc respectively, consistent with the quoted
values from the BOSS collaboration. This remarkable result suggests that all
the distance information contained in the baryon acoustic oscillations can be
conveniently compressed into the single length associated with the linear
point.Comment: The optimal two-point correlation function bin-size is employed.
Results are updated and the distance constraints are improve
UHECR narrow clustering correlating IceCube through-going muons
The recent UHECR events by AUGER and the Telescope Array (TA) suggested that
wide clusterings as the North and South, named Hot Spot, are related to near
AGNs such as the one in M82 and Cen A. In the same frame since 2008 we assumed
that the UHECR are made by light and lightest nuclei to explain the otherwise
embarrassing absence of the huge nearby Virgo cluster, absence due to the
fragility and the opacity of lightest nuclei by photo-dissociation from Virgo
distances. Moreover UHECR map exhibits a few narrow clustering, some near the
galactic plane, as toward SS 433 and on the opposite side of the plane at
celestial horizons: we tagged them in 2014 suggesting possible near source
active also as a UHE neutrino. Indeed since last year, 2015, highest IceCube
trough-going muons, UHE up-going neutrino events at hundreds TeV energy, did
show (by two cases over three tagged in North sky) the expected overlapping of
UHE neutrinos signals with narrow crowding UHECR. New data with higher energy
threshold somehow re-confirmed our preliminary proposal; new possible sources
appear by a additional correlated UHE-neutrino versus UHE-neutrino and-or with
narrow UHECR clustering events. A possible role of relic neutrino mass
scattering by ZeV neutrino arised.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Design of an endoskeleton ski boot
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (page 43).The design of ski boots changed continually from the 1950's until the 1980's, at which point ski boot manufactures started making a plastic shell around a soft liner. This design, which hasn't changed significantly in the last three decades, has a few underlying problems that prohibit it from ever having an optimal combination of comfort and performance. These problems are caused primarily by the need to hold the foot through the insulation, thereby packing out and thinning all insulation in the boot. A new boot design is proposed here that would solve this problem by featuring a skeletal design instead of a shell, which would be located inside the insulation. This new ski boot design features structural "beams" that encase the foot and the lower leg. These beams are close to the foot and leg, thereby holding it tightly. By controlling the thickness of the structure, it can be made to match the natural flex of the ankle. A rotating front part would be used to set the forward lean. An enclosure around this entire structure would be held tight by straps and Boa laces. An analysis of this design showed that carbon fiber was a strong enough material to make the boot, and the model was adjusted to feature a ~4mm displacement when a 145N force was applied.by Jason D. Pier.S.B
Review of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines on the management of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines present a synopsis of extensive internal evidence and technology reviews, with a particular focus on clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness within the NHS in England. This approach has delivered a novel perspective on arrhythmia management, with important distinctions from other policymakers' recommendations. For example, when compared with the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American Heart Association (AHA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines on atrial fibrillation (AF), NICE advocates unique strategies regarding arrhythmia detection, stroke and bleeding risk stratification, and rhythm control (NICE CG 196). Likewise, for patients at risk of sudden cardiac death, NICE TA314 not only recommends device therapy based on New York Heart Association class and ECG findings, but also incorporates quality-adjusted life year data from analysis of key randomised controlled trials.This review examines the NICE guidelines, together with those from the AHA/HRS/ACC and ESC, on the management of AF and ventricular arrhythmias and highlights the key common features and discrepancies between these important documents
Elastic properties of hydrogenated graphene
There exist three conformers of hydrogenated graphene, referred to as chair-,
boat-, or washboard-graphane. These systems have a perfect two-dimensional
periodicity mapped onto the graphene scaffold, but they are characterized by a
orbital hybridization, have different crystal symmetry, and otherwise
behave upon loading. By first principles calculations we determine their
structural and phonon properties, as well as we establish their relative
stability. Through continuum elasticity we define a simulation protocol
addressed to measure by a computer experiment their linear and nonlinear
elastic moduli and we actually compute them by first principles. We argue that
all graphane conformers respond to any arbitrarily-oriented extention with a
much smaller lateral contraction than the one calculated for graphene.
Furthermore, we provide evidence that boat-graphane has a small and negative
Poisson ratio along the armchair and zigzag principal directions of the carbon
honeycomb lattice (axially auxetic elastic behavior). Moreover, we show that
chair-graphane admits both softening and hardening hyperelasticity, depending
on the direction of applied load.Comment: submitted on Phys.Rev.
Current and novel percutaneous epicardial access techniques for electrophysiological interventions: A comparison of procedural success and safety
Accessing the pericardial space safely and efficiently is an important skill for interventional cardiac electrophysiologist. With the increased recognition of the complexity of the 3-dimensional arrhythmogenic substrate due to advances in imaging and mapping technologies there has been an expansion of epicardial procedures in recent years. Equally, minimally invasive implantation of epicardial pacing, cardiac resynchronization, or defibrillation leads is expanding in specific patients where transvenous systems are contraindicated or their long term sequelae should be ideally avoided. Selective delivery of intrapericardial pharmacological antiarrhythmic therapy is yet another potential indication, albeit still investigational. The expanding indications for percutaneous epicardial procedures is contrasted by the still substantial risk and challenges associated with accessing the pericardial space. Myocardial perforation, coronary artery laceration, and damage to the surrounding organs are all recognized and feared complications. A number of innovative epicardial access techniques have been proposed to overcome the difficulties and risks of traditional dry subxiphoid punctures and may allow for more widespread use of epicardial access in the future. We review 10 different established and novel subxiphoidal epicardial access techniques describing procedural success rates, safety profile and overall experience. The technical aspects as well as access times and costs for extra equipment will be reviewed. Finally, an outlook of reported preclinical techniques awaiting in-human feasibility studies is provided
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