Subsurface microstructural changes in a cast heat resisting alloy caused by high temperature corrosion

A cast HP ModNb alloy (Fe–25Cr–35Ni–1Nb, wt.%) was oxidised and carburised in CO–CO2 corresponding to aC = 0.1 and pO2 = 3 1016 atm at 1080 C. Formation of an external, chromium-rich oxide scale led to depletion of this metal in a deep alloy subsurface zone. Within that zone, secondary chromium-rich carbides dissolved, primary carbides oxidised, solute silicon and aluminium internally oxidised, and extensive porosity developed. Pore volumes correspond to the difference between metal loss by scaling and metal displacement by internal oxidation, assuming the scale–metal interface to be fixed. The pores are concluded to be Kirkendall void

Substrate Effect on the High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of a Pt-modified Aluminide Coating. Part II: Long-term Cyclic-oxidation Tests at 1,050 C

This second part of a two-part study is devoted to the effect of the substrate on the long-term, cyclic-oxidation behavior at 1,050 C of RT22 industrial coating deposited on three Ni-base superalloys (CMSX-4, SCB, and IN792). Cyclicoxidation tests at 1,050 C were performed for up to 58 cycles of 300 h (i.e., 17,400 h of heating at 1,050 C). For such test conditions, interdiffusion between the coating and its substrate plays a larger role in the damage process of the system than during isothermal tests at 900, 1,050, and 1,150 C for 100 h and cyclicoxidation tests at 900 C which were reported in part I [N. Vialas and D. Monceau, Oxidation of Metals 66, 155 (2006)]. The results reported in the present paper show that interdiffusion has an important effect on long-term, cyclic-oxidation resistance, so that clear differences can be observed between different superalloys protected with the same aluminide coating. Net-mass-change (NMC) curves show the better cyclic-oxidation behavior of the RT22/IN792 system whereas uncoated CMSX-4 has the best cyclic-oxidation resistance among the three superalloys studied. The importance of the interactions between the superalloy substrate and its coating is then demonstrated. The effect of the substrate on cyclic-oxidation behavior is related to the extent of oxide scale spalling and to the evolution of microstructural features of the coatings tested. SEM examinations of coating surfaces and cross sections show that spalling on RT22/CMSX-4 and RT22/SCB was favored by the presence of deep voids localized at the coating/oxide interface. Some of these voids can act as nucleation sites for scale spallation. The formation of such interfacial voids was always observed when the b to c0 transformation leads to the formation of a two-phase b/c0 layer in contact with the alumina scale. On the contrary, no voids were observed in RT22/IN792, since this b to c0 transformation occurs gradually by an inward transformation of b leading to the formation of a continuous layer of c0 phase, parallel to the metal/scale interface

Depletion and voids formation in the substrate during high temperature oxidation of Ni-Cr alloys

A numerical model to treat the kinetics of vacancy annihilation at the metal/oxide interface but also in the bulk metal has been implemented. This was done using EKINOX, which is a mesoscopic scale 1D-code that simulates oxide growth kinetics with explicit calculation of vacancy fluxes. Calculations were performed for high temperature Ni-Cr alloys oxidation forming a single chromia scale. The kinetic parameters used to describe the diffusion in the alloy were directly derived from an atomistic model. Our results showed that the Cr depletion profile can be strongly affected by the cold work state of the alloy. In fact, the oversaturation of vacancies is directly linked to the efficiency of the sinks which is proportional to the density of dislocations. The resulting vacancy profile highlights a supersaturation of vacancy within the metal. Based on the classical nucleation theory, the possibility and the rate of void formation are discussed

High temperature oxidation of austenitic stainless steels: effect of sulfur content on scale adhesion

International audienceTwo austenitic stainless steels, AISI 304L and AISI 303, containing 0.025 and 0.249 wt%S were oxidized in thermobalance at 1000°C for 50h. The chemical composition and the crystallographic structure of the oxide scales were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Adhesion of oxide scales was tested by SEM in situ tensile tests. A correlation between the specific mass change, the chemistry, the microstructure and the adhesion properties is made and results are discussed in relation with sulphur concentration in the alloy

High temperature oxidation of austenitic stainless steels: effect of sulfur content on scale adhesion

International audienceTwo austenitic stainless steels, AISI 304L and AISI 303, containing 0.025 and 0.249 wt%S were oxidized in thermobalance at 1000°C for 50h. The chemical composition and the crystallographic structure of the oxide scales were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Adhesion of oxide scales was tested by SEM in situ tensile tests. A correlation between the specific mass change, the chemistry, the microstructure and the adhesion properties is made and results are discussed in relation with sulphur concentration in the alloy

Comparison of damaging behavior of oxide scales grown on austeniticstainless steels using tensile test and cyclic thermogravimetry

Текст статьи не публикуется в открытом доступе в соответствии с политикой журнала.Two austenitic stainless steels, AISI 304L and AISI 303, were submitted to cyclic oxidation and to staticmechanical loading after isothermal oxidation at 1000◦C. Alloy 303 contains ten times more S than 304Land some Mn addition. During the steel process, it formed manganese sulfides that lead to the formationof a less resistant oxide scale. Both alloys showed similar behavior during thermal cycling but breakawayoxidation and intensive spallation occurred much sooner for alloy 303 than for alloy 304L. A correlationcould be drawn between tensile test on preoxidized samples, isothermal and cyclic oxidation