Time and value at Bath Abbey: Erosion, fragmentation and the role of the replica

Bath Abbey is undergoing a substantial programme of conservation and change; including the removal and reinstatement/replacement of the 847 ledger stones comprising its floor. The floor is, in fact, almost entirely comprised of these burial markers. These ledgers, however, were removed and repositioned in the 1860s, and no longer mark the remains of those buried directly beneath them. Present works will result in further repositioning, while those that are already damaged and/or eroded (or become damaged during the removal process) may not be reinstated at all. My work, presently the subject of a public exhibition at the Abbey, addresses issues of time, erasure, authenticity and value. My study involves the use of photogrammetry to capture ledger stones which will likely not be reinstated. The digital and CNC-routed models of these stones record their present state as an authentic expression of their place in time; I argue that it is important to consider the status of the replica, especially one of an eroded and fragmented artefact, as something of value. Digital techniques have already enabled partial replications of sensitive heritage sites; might they play a useful role in cultivating a response to time which, referencing Michael Shanks, considers the past as a “resource” subject to “creative process”? Can the replica, which captures (even ossifies) the present (itself the result of processes over deep time) become a useful object to serve the future? Which artefacts are deserving of such special attention and re-making? How is “pastness” or memory preserved or generated here: through form, or “aura”? This work draws on the thinking of academics including Siân Jones, Cornelius Holtorf, Rodney Harrison, and Emma Waterton & Steve Watson who address heritage as an emergent product of a dynamic set of social relationships

SANDHILL CRANE MIGRATION CHRONOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR IN NORTHWESTERN TEXAS

Migrant lesser sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis canadensis) were monitored during 1990-2000 in northwestern Texas as flocks were arriving in autumn and departing in spring; cranes were counted as they passed over an observation point 23 km north of Sudan, Lamb County, Texas. Mean flock size was 34.5 (SD ± 32.6) in autumn and 58.2 (SD ± 45.0) in spring. Most autumn migrants (69.6%) passed in the afternoon, whereas in spring 94% migrated in the morning (1000-1200 hr). Peak period of autumn passage was in October (65%), and in spring all observations were in February-March with the peak usually in late February. For arriving cranes headwinds had little influence, but 84% departed when winds were from the southwest. Retro-migration was recorded during both migration seasons; autumn retro-migration events appeared to be associated with human disturbance south and southwest of the study site, but in February and March it was associated with weather events to the north or northeast

The Speech of Diversity: A Tool to Integrate Cultural Diversity Into the Basic Course

The Western Interstate Commission on Higher Education (1991) documented the demographics of the changing university population and supported the earlier findings of the American Council on Education\u27s study that within the next fifteen years, one-third of the nation will be people of color. As representatives of these diverse groups enter higher education, institutions will be forced to transform their curricula to address and meet the needs of this growing constituency. As Garr (1992) suggested: The question is no longer whether students should learn about diverse cultures, but how (p. 31). Cultural diversity is one of the largest, most urgent challenges facing higher education today. It is also one of the most difficult challenges colleges have ever faced (Levin, 1991, p. 4). This paper addresses cultural diversity as it relates to communication using a series of five questions as a framework for discussion. We offer specific suggestions on integrating cultural diversity into speaking assignments in the basic course later in the paper

A National Profile of Experiential Education Trends in Communication Master\u27s Degree Programs

This article seeks to provide a profile of internships used in communication master\u27s degree programs in the U.S. An internship is defined as receiving graduate credit for practical experience gained outside the classroom, with some degree of supervision by a faculty member. Based upon the data presented, experiential opportunities in communication serve to connect theory and practice. The nature of an internship at the graduate level appears to be more complex than at the undergraduate level. The formal paper appears to be the most common means for evaluating graduate internships. Formal papers are consistently used in academia to measure student understanding of concepts and experiences. The size of the institution and graduate program seems to have no affect on the option of offering internships or graduate students electing to use them in their programs of study

Design and Benchmark Testing for Open Architecture Reconfigurable Mobile Spirometer and Exhaled Breath Monitor with GPS and Data Telemetry.

Portable and wearable medical instruments are poised to play an increasingly important role in health monitoring. Mobile spirometers are available commercially, and are used to monitor patients with advanced lung disease. However, these commercial monitors have a fixed product architecture determined by the manufacturer, and researchers cannot easily experiment with new configurations or add additional novel sensors over time. Spirometry combined with exhaled breath metabolite monitoring has the potential to transform healthcare and improve clinical management strategies. This research provides an updated design and benchmark testing for a flexible, portable, open access architecture to measure lung function, using common Arduino/Android microcontroller technologies. To demonstrate the feasibility and the proof-of-concept of this easily-adaptable platform technology, we had 43 subjects (healthy, and those with lung diseases) perform three spirometry maneuvers using our reconfigurable device and an office-based commercial spirometer. We found that our system compared favorably with the traditional spirometer, with high accuracy and agreement for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), and gas measurements were feasible. This provides an adaptable/reconfigurable open access "personalized medicine" platform for researchers and patients, and new chemical sensors and other modular instrumentation can extend the flexibility of the device in the future

Using AI/expert system technology to automate planning and replanning for the HST servicing missions

This paper describes a knowledge-based system that has been developed to automate planning and scheduling for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Servicing Missions. This new system is the Servicing Mission Planning and Replanning Tool (SM/PART). SM/PART has been delivered to the HST Flight Operations Team (FOT) at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) where it is being used to build integrated time lines and command plans to control the activities of the HST, Shuttle, Crew and ground systems for the next HST Servicing Mission. SM/PART reuses and extends AI/expert system technology from Interactive Experimenter Planning System (IEPS) systems to build or rebuild time lines and command plans more rapidly than was possible for previous missions where they were built manually. This capability provides an important safety factor for the HST, Shuttle and Crew in case unexpected events occur during the mission

Natural resource education: Getting forest products workers into the flow

The forest products industry employs over 1.4 million people in the U.S.; it ranks among the top ten manufacturing employers in 46 states. Surprisingly, a recent survey of U.S. forest products workers revealed substantial ignorance and misperceptions about forests and forestry issues. Despite this, few educational programs are targeted at this audience. The Oregon Forest Resources Institute has teamed up with Oregon State University\u27s Forestry Media Center to fill this gap with Project FLOW (Forestry Learning Opportunities for Workers). Phase one of this project, completed in summer 1997, analyzed current status of forestry educational opportunities for forest workers in Oregon: existing educational activities, opportunities for new programs, and obstacles to implementing new programs. A mail-in survey, sent to human resource officers or chief executives of 590 forest products businesses in Oregon, indicated that it was important for forest workers to have reliable information about forestry topics. However, fewer than half those responding said that their company currently distributes educational materials or provides on-the-job learning opportunities. Principal obstacles cited were lack of time during the workday, lack of staff, and lack of relevant and effective educational materials. Phase two of this project will use the survey data, as well as information collected from focus groups, site visits, and telephone conversations with key stakeholders, to develop and pilot-test learning materials in various formats. We anticipate that materials developed through this project will have wide application throughout the United States-and that better-informed workers are likely to become better individual decision makers and more effective ambassadors for sound forest management

Food Inflation in Pope County

Although inflation is cooling off in many sectors of the US economy, food inflation continues to surge, indicating the volatility of the agri-food system. The higher food prices make it difficult for US consumers to afford everyday essential food products. The main objective of this research is to calculate food inflation in the pope county area. We utilized the consumer price index (CPI) to measure the change in prices paid by pope county consumers for food. Our preliminary analyses show that food prices in pope county are easing. Specifically, the food inflation rate in pope county declined in March 2023 compared to January 2023

Differences in oxygen uptake but equivalent energy expenditure between a brief bout of cycling and running

BACKGROUND: We examined aerobic and anaerobic exercise energy expenditure and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) between a 250 Watt, 1-minute bout of cycling and uphill treadmill running. METHODS: Fourteen active to well-trained subjects volunteered for the investigation (VO(2 )max: 57.0 ± 12.9 ml·kg·min(-1 )cycle; 59.3 ± 13.7 ml·kg·min(-1 )run; p = 0.44). Anaerobic energy expenditure was estimated from △blood lactate. Statistical analysis was completed using a paired t-test (mean ± SD). RESULTS: Perceived exertion did not differ between exercise bouts (14.0 ± 2.3 cycle; 13.2 ± 2.1 run; p = 0.29). Exercise oxygen uptake was significantly greater for running (41.4 ± 6.9 kJ) compared to cycling (31.7 ± 7.7 kJ) (p = 0.0001). EPOC was not different between cycling and running (p = 0.21) so that exercise oxygen uptake + EPOC was greater for running (103.0 ± 13.5 kJ) as compared to cycling (85.4 ± 20.2 kJ; p = 0.008). Anaerobic energy expenditure was significantly greater for cycling (32.7 ± 8.9 kJ) versus running (22.5 ± 11.1 kJ) (p = 0.009). Aerobic + anaerobic exercise energy expenditure (cycle 64.3 ± 12.2 kJ; run 63.9 ± 10.1 kJ) (p = 0.90) and total energy expenditure (including EPOC; cycle 118.0 ± 21.8 kJ; run 125.4 ± 19.1 kJ; p = 0.36) were similar for cycling and running. CONCLUSION: Oxygen-only measures reveal discrepancy in energy expenditure between cycling and uphill running. Measurements of exercise oxygen uptake, △blood lactate and a modified EPOC promote the hypothesis of a similarity in exercise and total energy expenditure between 1-minute work-equivalent bouts of cycling and uphill running