Addressing climate change with behavioral science: a global intervention tournament in 63 countries

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors

Assessment of the efficiency of energy-and resource-saving technologies in the model of open innovation

The relevance of this work is determined by the fact that the issues of resource-saving technologies implementation in the model of open innovation have not been fully addressed yet and require further study and systematization of the determining factors, which is especially important on the back of the transition to a new technological pattern and the use of the emerging technological opportunity windows. The solution of the problems mentioned will reveal new opportunities for qualitative and quantitative growth of production systems by improving the innovation targeting in the field of resource saving and energy efficiency. The purpose of the article is to identify the functional dependence between the Networked Readiness Index and the emerging technological opportunity windows in order to improve the efficiency of resource-saving technologies in open innovation and production systems. The main research methods underlying the article include the method of description used to identify trends in the Networked Readiness Index across the globe, the correlation analysis method used to identify a close relationship between the Networked Readiness Index and indicators of state support granted to the innovations in production, and the regression analysis method used to build a regression model of the dependence between the resource-saving system and production indicators. The article touches upon the aspects of improving the resource-saving system efficiency in the framework of the open innovation model in the field of production. The correlation between the Networked Readiness Index and the indicators of the state institutions quality characterizing the level of innovation support provided to the industry across the world countries has been revealed, and the functional connection between the use of waste at petrochemical plants and the petrochemical products shipped has been proved using the emerging economies as an example. The materials of the article can be used in the development of strategies and programs aimed to improve the resource-saving system efficiency in petrochemical companies of developing countries, taking into account the emerging technological opportunity windows and technology readiness of the production for innovative transformations

Hemophagocytic syndrome and Kaposi sarcoma after liver transplantation

Hemophagocytic Syndrome (hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, macrophage activation syndrome) is a rare form of systemic inflammatory response. It usually presents with nonspecific symptoms like fever, lymphoadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia. Secondary hemophagocytic syndrome is usually associated with severe infection. We describe a clinical case of a patient after liver transplantation who developed hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to Epstein-Barr virus and Human Herpes virus Type 8. There had been 22 cases of hemophagocytic syndrome after liver transplantation described in literature by the moment of our observation. We found just 1 similar case of a patient suffered from hemophagocytic syndrome in combination with Kaposi sarcoma and Epstein Barr virus infection. Differential diagnostics of hemophagocytic syndrome is difficult as there are no specific symptoms. Rapid disease progression makes early diagnosis and treatment an actual problem

Trust in scientists and their role in society across 67 countries

Scientific information is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in science can help decision-makers act based on the best available evidence, especially during crises such as climate change or the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. Here we interrogated these concerns with a pre-registered 67-country survey of 71,417 respondents on all inhabited continents and find that in most countries, a majority of the public trust scientists and think that scientists should be more engaged in policymaking. We further show that there is a discrepancy between the public’s perceived and desired priorities of scientific research. Moreover, we find variations between and within countries, which we explain with individual-and country-level variables,including political orientation. While these results do not show widespread lack of trust in scientists, we cannot discount the concern that lack of trust in scientists by even a small minority may affect considerations of scientific evidence in policymaking. These findings have implications for scientists and policymakers seeking to maintain and increase trust in scientists

Trust in scientists and their role in society across 67 countries

Scientific information is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in science can help decision-makers act based on the best available evidence, especially during crises such as climate change or the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. Here we interrogated these concerns with a pre-registered 67-country survey of 71,417 respondents on all inhabited continents and find that in most countries, a majority of the public trust scientists and think that scientists should be more engaged in policymaking. We further show that there is a discrepancy between the public’s perceived and desired priorities of scientific research. Moreover, we find variations between and within countries, which we explain with individual-and country-level variables,including political orientation. While these results do not show widespread lack of trust in scientists, we cannot discount the concern that lack of trust in scientists by even a small minority may affect considerations of scientific evidence in policymaking. These findings have implications for scientists and policymakers seeking to maintain and increase trust in scientists

Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries

International audienceEffectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors