836 research outputs found
The Return of the State? French economic policy under Nicolas Sarkozy
This paper addresses the EUās influence on the design of market-building objectives and dispute settlement mechanisms in Mercosur and SADC over time. It argues that such influence has had an independent effect on the evolution of regional institutional design that is not reducible to mere functional dynamics, which dominant explanations emphasize. Instead, it suggests that EU influence is best conceived as a process of spurred emulation, according to which major political or economic crises in the regions have led to the increasing emulation of EU arrangements, spurred by the EUās active involvement in the process. This has, however, neither led to a wholesale copying of EU institutional models nor to the adoption of EU practices, but EU templates have regularly been adapted to fit with policy-makersā normative convictions, especially their continuing concerns about national sovereignty
The Hecyra of Terence.
In submitting this thesis, the writer does not pretend to have made even an approximation of exhaustive study of the Hecyra: this thesis is merely a study of the play from certain viewpoints which also make no claim to completeness. No originality is claimed for the discussion of Terence and of the Hecyra. The rest of the thesis has a fair claim to originality in that itās the product of the writerās research, aided of course by various comments and notes. The translation is especially indebted to the Latin paraphrase in the Delphin Classics and to various notes and synonyms in the editions of Terence in the Bibliotheca Classica Latina and in the Delphin Classics. An English translation was consulted in only two or three instances, and then it was not followed as lavishly. The writer can say that he has enjoyed the plot and the language of the play even though some have said that the Hecyra has the least merit of any of Terenceā s plays. In fact the play means more to him than any of the other plays of Terence with which he is acquainted. Of course this would be the natural result of more diligent study. The writer wishes to express his gratitude to Professor Andrew P. Dustin of the University for his aid and encouragement thruout an undergraduate and graduate course in Latin where there have been many vicissitudes. With the above as a forward this thesis is respectfully submitted to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville
Gentrified Sustainability: Inequitable Development and Seattleās Skewed Riskscape
This paper examines the tensions of sustainable development in Seattle, Washington, a commonly recognised urban environmental leader. Drawing on the perspective of sustainability as a conflicted process, this research expected a negative relationship between gentrification and environmental justice when affluent residents outcompete less affluent ones for neighbourhoods with fewer environmental hazards. The methods combine geographic cluster analysis and longitudinal air toxic emission comparisons to analyse socioeconomic changes in Seattle Census block-groups between 1990, 2000, and 2009 coupled with measures of relative potential risk and pollution volume. The property and development conflicts embedded within sustainability lead to pollution exposure risk and socioeconomic vulnerability converging in the same areas and reveal one of the āEmerald Cityāsā significant environmental challenges. Inequitable development and environmental injustice remain overlooked dimensions of sustainability that interdisciplinary research should address
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Surface Relaxation Mechanisms in the Morphological Equilibration of Crystal Surfaces
The phenomenology of surface relaxation below the roughening temperature TR is shown via kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to exhibit extremely non-classical behavior depending on (1) initial morphology and (2) kinetic rate laws for atom motion. However, within the temperature and size scale of our simulations there are several different mechanisms that operate. The āpinch-offā mechanism is seen to be operative for ripple relaxation employing i-kinetics. For ripple relaxation employing āi-kinetics, pinch-off is seen at short times. At long times, these particular surfaces spontaneously island, and then reduction of line tension drives relaxation. Reduction of line tension also drives relaxation of dimpled surfaces.Engineering and Applied Science
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Ion-Sputter Induced Rippling of Si(111)
The morphology of ion sputtered Si(111) surfaces at glancing angles and elevated temperatures was studied by AFM. Under particular ion beam and sample conditions, the morphology of the surfaces was found to be rippled, with roughly sinusoidal-shaped bumps. This observation is in agreement with predictions of Bradley and Harper, and is similar to experiments performed by Chason et al. on germanium. Observation of the temporal evolution by stopping growth and performing microscopy suggests that a steady-state rippled
morphology develops by coalescence of oblong islands. The wavelength of the ripples can be controlled up to about 600 nm, with amplitudes up to 60 nm. This observation creates an opportunity to make nanostructured surfaces for the study of crystal surface dynamics.Engineering and Applied Science
Risky Business: Sustainability and Industrial Land Use across Seattleās Gentrifying Riskscape
This paper examines the spatial and temporal trajectories of Seattleās industrial land use restructuring and the shifting riskscape in Seattle, WA, a commonly recognized urban model of sustainability. Drawing on the perspective of sustainability as a conflicted process, this research explored the intersections of urban industrial and nonindustrial land use planning, gentrification, and environmental injustice. In the first part of our research, we combine geographic cluster analysis and longitudinal air toxic emission comparisons to quantitatively investigate socioeconomic changes in Seattle Census block-groups between 1990, 2000, and 2009 coupled with measures of pollution volume and its relative potential risk. Second, we qualitatively examine Seattleās historical land use policies and planning and the growing tension between industrial and nonindustrial land use. The gentrification, green cities, and growth management conflicts embedded within sustainability/livability lead to pollution exposure risk and socioeconomic vulnerability converging in the same areas and reveal one of Seattleās significant environmental challenges. Our mixed-method approach can guide future urban sustainability studies to more effectively examine the connections between land use planning, industrial displacement, and environmental injustice. Our results also help sustainable development practitioners recognize that a more just sustainability in Seattle and beyond will require more planning and policy attention to mitigate obscured industrial land use conflicts
Does Subsistence Farming Ameliorate Hunger in Urban Areas? A Quantitative Examination of Urban Areas in South Africa
Africa, with its growing urban population, faces the problem of increased demand for food in urban areas and pressure on urban food systems. Lack of employment opportunities, rising levels of urban poverty and food costs further compounds the urban food problem resulting in high levels of urban hunger and consequently food insecurity. Using the General Household Surveys from 2015 to 2017, we examine the association between subsistence farming practices and hunger in urban South Africa. We estimate three models for hunger at the household level; child hunger, adult hunger and hunger in either adult or child. The findings reveal that female-headed households are more likely to engage in subsistence farming. Women, children and the unemployed are at risk of hunger. We find no association between subsistence farming and hunger in urban areas. Measures of economic welfare; incomes, employment and a household member receiving a social grant are significantly associated with the absence of hunger. The results point to the fact that new urban residents as a matter of necessity need the means to earn an income as this is critical in safeguarding them from hunger
Channel Catfish Diets Include Substantial Vegetation in a Missouri River Reservoir
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) are native to Lake Sharpe, a Missouri River mainstem reservoir, and are common in angler catches. Channel catfish growth has declined since the formation of the reservoir in 1963. Mean lengths at time of capture for channel catfish ages 9, 10, II, and 12 have decreased by 69, 55, 115, and 21S mm, respectively, since impoundment. The objective of this study was to document monthly food habits of channel catfish throughout the growing season (May-August) in Lake Sharpe to assess potential effects of diet on growth. Although channel catfish consumed both macro invertebrates and fishes as expected, they also consumed large quantities of submergent aquatic vegetation. Consumed vegetation contributed 3S-73% of the diet by weight over 2 channel catfish length groups Ā«2S0 mm and ~2S0 mm total length) during the 4 months sampled. Consumption of substantial amounts of vegetation should be considered a suboptimal diet for channel catfish growth. Consequently, diets of channel catfish in Lake Sharpe could be a factor contributing to the observed slow growth of older catfish in this population
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