6,008 research outputs found
Urbanheart surgery - a logic of design alternatives
In 1972 Sir Leslie Martin in his essay “The Grid as Generator”, advocated “a strong theoretical basis for [planning and] urban design” (Carolin P, 2000, p4) by methodically shifting design parameters regarding the way “in which buildings [could be] placed on the land” Martin was able to demonstrate how the generation of alternatives could “allow wider scope for decisions and objectives” to be considered and discussed (Carmona M, & Tiesdell S 2007, p81). Operating within a conventional design studio yet drawing of Sir Leslie Martin’s logic, ie developing an informed understanding of a problem by identifying a finite world of design ‘alternatives’, the following paper outlines a studio based program at the School of Architecture and Building, Deakin University, referred to as the ‘UrbanHeart Surgery’. While most atelier-based courses operate largely on an ad-hoc basis where students often work within self imposed competitive isolation, Urbanheart adopts a more open yet structured approach where students work in design collaboratives to generate a matrix of alternative design scenarios. The program actively integrates postgraduate students from Architecture, Urban Design and Planning into a design research culture and allows them to engage in critical discourse by working on strategic design projects in three areas significant to the future development of the state of Victoria: Metropolitan Urbanism, Urbanism on the Periphery and Regional Urbanism
Generalized information entropies depending only on the probability distribution
Systems with a long-term stationary state that possess as a spatio-temporally
fluctuation quantity can be described by a superposition of several
statistics, a "super statistics". We consider first, the Gamma, log-normal and
-distributions of . It is assumed that they depend only on , the
probability associated with the microscopic configuration of the system. For
each of the three distributions we calculate the Boltzmann factors and
show that they coincide for small variance of the fluctuations. For the Gamma
distribution it is possible to calculate the entropy in a closed form,
depending on , and to obtain then an equation relating with . We also propose, as other examples, new entropies close related with the
Kaniadakis and two possible Sharma-Mittal entropies. The entropies presented in
this work do not depend on a constant parameter but on . For the
-Gamma distribution and its corresponding Boltzmann factor
and the associated entropy, we show the validity of the saddle-point
approximation. We also briefly discuss the generalization of one of the four
Khinchin axioms to get this proposed entropy.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
Hybrid method for simulating front propagation in reaction-diffusion systems
We study the propagation of pulled fronts in the
microscopic reaction-diffusion process using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. In
the mean field approximation the process is described by the deterministic
Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piscounov (FKPP) equation. In particular we
concentrate on the corrections to the deterministic behavior due to the number
of particles per site . By means of a new hybrid simulation scheme, we
manage to reach large macroscopic values of which allows us to show
the importance in the dynamics of microscopic pulled fronts of the interplay of
microscopic fluctuations and their macroscopic relaxation.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Race/ethnicity and gender differences in drug use and abuse among college students
This study examines race/ethnicity and gender differences in drug use and abuse for substances other than alcohol among undergraduate college students. A probability-based sample of 4,580 undergraduate students at a Midwestern research university completed a cross-sectional Web-based questionnaire that included demographic information and several substance use measures. Male students were generally more likely to report drug use and abuse than female students. Hispanic and White students were more likely to report drug use and abuse than Asian and African American students prior to coming to college and during college. The findings of the present study reveal several important racial/ethnic differences in drug use and abuse that need to be considered when developing collegiate drug prevention and intervention efforts.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2377408/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2377408/Accepted manuscrip
Synchronous Phase Shift at LHC
The electron cloud in vacuum pipes of accelerators of positively charged
particle beams causes a beam energy loss which could be estimated from the
synchronous phase. Measurements done with beams of 75 ns, 50 ns, and 25 ns
bunch spacing in the LHC for some fills in 2010 and 2011 show that the average
energy loss depends on the total beam intensity in the ring. Later measurements
during the scrubbing run with 50 ns beams show the reduction of the electron
cloud due to scrubbing. Finally, measurements of the individual bunch phase
give us information about the electron cloud build-up inside the batch and from
batch to batch.Comment: Presented at ECLOUD'12: Joint INFN-CERN-EuCARD-AccNet Workshop on
Electron-Cloud Effects, La Biodola, Isola d'Elba, Italy, 5-9 June 201
Recommended from our members
Ancestry-Dependent Enrichment of Deleterious Homozygotes in Runs of Homozygosity.
Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are important genomic features that manifest when an individual inherits two haplotypes that are identical by descent. Their length distributions are informative about population history, and their genomic locations are useful for mapping recessive loci contributing to both Mendelian and complex disease risk. We have previously shown that ROH, and especially long ROH that are likely the result of recent parental relatedness, are enriched for homozygous deleterious coding variation in a worldwide sample of outbred individuals. However, the distribution of ROH in admixed populations and their relationship to deleterious homozygous genotypes is understudied. Here we analyze whole-genome sequencing data from 1,441 unrelated individuals from self-identified African American, Puerto Rican, and Mexican American populations. These populations are three-way admixed between European, African, and Native American ancestries and provide an opportunity to study the distribution of deleterious alleles partitioned by local ancestry and ROH. We re-capitulate previous findings that long ROH are enriched for deleterious variation genome-wide. We then partition by local ancestry and show that deleterious homozygotes arise at a higher rate when ROH overlap African ancestry segments than when they overlap European or Native American ancestry segments of the genome. These results suggest that, while ROH on any haplotype background are associated with an inflation of deleterious homozygous variation, African haplotype backgrounds may play a particularly important role in the genetic architecture of complex diseases for admixed individuals, highlighting the need for further study of these populations
Specialization of strategies and herding behavior of trading firms in a financial market
The understanding of complex social or economic systems is an important
scientific challenge. Here we present a comprehensive study of the Spanish
Stock Exchange showing that most financial firms trading in that market are
characterized by a resulting strategy and can be classified in groups of firms
with different specialization. Few large firms overally act as trending firms
whereas many heterogeneous firm act as reversing firms. The herding properties
of these two groups are markedly different and consistently observed over a
four-year period of trading.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Detection of Pre-Shock Dense Circumstellar Material of SN 1978K
The supernova SN 1978K has been noted for its lack of emission lines broader
than a few thousand km/s since its discovery in 1990. Modeling of the radio
spectrum of the peculiar SN 1978K indicates the existence of HII absorption
along the line of sight. To determine the nature of this absorbing region, we
have obtained a high-dispersion spectrum of SN 1978K at the wavelength range
6530--6610 \AA. The spectrum shows not only the moderately broad H-alpha
emission of the supernova ejecta but also narrow nebular H-alpha and [N II]
emission. The high [N II]6583/H-alpha ratio, 0.8-1.3, suggests that this radio
absorbing region is a stellar ejecta nebula. The expansion velocity and
emission measure of the nebula are consistent with those seen in ejecta nebulae
of luminous blue variables. Previous low-dispersion spectra have detected a
strong [N II]5755 line, indicating an electron density of 3-12x10^5 cm^{-3}. We
argue that this stellar ejecta nebula is probably part of the pre-shock dense
circumstellar envelope of SN 1978K. We further suggest that SN 1997ab may
represent a young version of SN 1978K.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in the ApJ Letter
- …