4,421 research outputs found
Non-sequential double ionization below laser-intensity threshold: Anticorrelation of electrons without excitation of parent ion
Two-electron correlated spectra of non-sequential double ionization below
laser-intensity threshold are known to exhibit back-to-back scattering of the
electrons, viz., the anticorrelation of the electrons. Currently, the widely
accepted interpretation of the anticorrelation is recollision-induced
excitation of the ion plus subsequent field ionization of the second electron.
We argue that another mechanism, namely simultaneous electron emission, when
the time of return of the rescattered electron is equal to the time of
liberation of the bounded electron (the ion has no time for excitation), can
also explain the anticorrelation of the electrons in the deep below
laser-intensity threshold regime. Our conclusion is based on the results of the
numerical solution of the time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation for a model
system of two one-dimensional electrons as well as an adiabatic analytic model
that allows for a closed-form solution.Comment: 6 pages and 3 figure
Profiling and variation of laser pulse parameters as a way to preserve the stability of self-injected bunches during excitation of a wakefield in plasma
The paper considers the excitation of a wakefield in a metal-density plasma
using a chain of x-ray laser pulses. The profiling parameters and the necessary
parameters of laser pulses for obtaining stable high-quality bunches are found.
An essential problem is the destruction of self-injected bunches in the course
of their motion. The results of the study are one of the ways to solve the
problem of transverse betatron oscillations, which lead to the destruction of
bunches.Comment: 5 pages, 12 figure
On the low-temperature performances of THGEM and THGEM/G-APD multipliers in gaseous and two-phase Xe
The performances of THGEM multipliers in two-phase Xe avalanche mode are
presented for the first time. Additional results on THGEM operation in gaseous
Xe at cryogenic temperatures are provided. Stable operation of a double-THGEM
multiplier was demonstrated in two-phase Xe with gains reaching 600. These are
compared to existing data, summarized here for two-phase Ar, Kr and Xe
avalanche detectors incorporating GEM and THGEM multipliers. The optical
readout of THGEMs with Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiodes (G-APDs) has been
investigated in gaseous Xe at cryogenic temperature; avalanche scintillations
were recorded in the Near Infrared (NIR) at wavelengths of up to 950 nm. At
avalanche charge gain of 350, the double-THGEM/G-APD multiplier yielded 0.07
photoelectrons per initial ionization electron, corresponding to an avalanche
scintillation yield of 0.7 NIR photons per avalanche electron over 4pi. The
results are compared with those of two-phase Ar avalanche detectors. The
advantages, limitations and possible applications are discussed.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures. Revised Figs. 10,11 and Table 1. To be
published in JINS
Geiger Mode APD performance in a cryogenic two-phase Ar avalanche detector based on THGEMs
Characteristic properties of a Geiger Mode APD (G-APD) in a THGEM-based
cryogenic two-phase Ar avalanche detector were studied in view of potential
applications in rare-event experiments. G-APD signal amplitude and noise
characteristics at cryogenic temperatures turned out to be superior to those at
room temperature. The effective detection of avalanche scintillations from
THGEM-multiplier holes in two-phase Ar has been demonstrated using a G-APD
without wavelength shifter. At an avalanche gain of 60, the avalanche
scintillation yield measured by the G-APD was as high as 0.9 photoelectrons per
avalanche electron, extrapolated to 4pi acceptance.Comment: 4 pages, 8 figures. Presented at Vienna Conference on Instrumentation
(Feb 15-20, 2010, Vienna, Austria). Submitted to the Proceeding
Direct observation of avalanche scintillations in a THGEM-based two-phase Ar avalanche detector using Geiger-mode APD
A novel concept of optical signal recording in two-phase avalanche detectors,
with Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiodes (G-APD) is described.
Avalanche-scintillation photons were measured in a thick Gas Electron
Multiplier (THGEM) in view of potential applications in rare-event experiments.
The effective detection of avalanche scintillations in THGEM holes has been
demonstrated in two-phase Ar with a bare G-APD without wavelength shifter, i.e.
insensitive to VUV emission of Ar. At gas-avalanche gain of 400 and under \pm
70^\circ viewing-angle, the G-APD yielded 640 photoelectrons (pe) per 60 keV
X-ray converted in liquid Ar; this corresponds to 0.7 pe per initial (prior to
multiplication) electron. The avalanche-scintillation light yield measured by
the G-APD was about 0.7 pe per avalanche electron, extrapolated to 4pi
acceptance. The avalanche scintillations observed occurred presumably in the
near infrared (NIR) where G-APDs may have high sensitivity. The measured
scintillation yield is similar to that observed by others in the VUV. Other
related topics discussed in this work are the G-APD's single-pixel and
quenching resistor characteristics at cryogenic temperatures.Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures. Submitted to JINS
Legal provision of food security and rational land use in organic production in Ukraine in the context of European integration
The monograph is devoted to the study of current legal issues of food security and rational land use in the implementation of organic production in Ukraine on the country’s path to European integration.
The current state and trends in the development of organic agriculture in Ukraine are analyzed. Specific features and principles of normative regulation of land use in the process of organic production have been studied. The peculiarities of the legal regime and legal forms of land use for organic production are highlighted. The content of certification of organic production and labeling of organic products is revealed. The issue of improving state support for organic agriculture is considered. Proposals for improving the legal regulation of organic agricultural production in Ukraine have been formulated. Prospective directions of Ukrainian organic producers’ entry into the European market are proposed, taking into account the EU requirements for environmental friendliness of products. Obstacles to the development of this area of agro-industrial complex are analyzed and practical recommendations for the development of national organic agriculture are developed.
The publication is intended for scientists, teachers, graduate students, students of law and economic institutions of higher education, practicing lawyers and economists, representatives of agribusiness, as well as anyone interested in the problems of organic production
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