Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Lesitin Kelapa Dan Wijen

Lecithin is a natural amphiphilic substance which has unique structures. Lecithin molecules are able to aggregate to form a carrier structure known as liposom which is useful for carrying active substances in drug, food and cosmetics. Lecithin is generally derived from soybeans and eggs. Research efforts have been made to seek new sources of lecithin such as from coconut and sesame seeds. This study aimed to determine the character of plant lecithin derived from coconut and sesame seeds. Isolation of lecithin was done by solvent extraction using a mixture of chloroform-methanol (2:1) and characterization was conducted using TLC, FTIR and GCMS. The results indicated that lecithins from coconut and sesame seeds were from cephalin class with hydrophilic group consisted of ethanolamin. The lipophilic parts of coconut lecithin were C12 and C8 and those of sesame seeds lecithin were C18:1 and C18:0

INVESTIGATION ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES OF AGGREGATED NATURAL PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN AQUOUS SYSTEM USING CRYO-TEM

Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) was used to investigate the aggregates morphology and properties of candle tree (Aleurites moluccana) endosperm, sesame (Sesamum indicum L. syn.) seeds, and coconut (Cocos nucifera) endosperm phospholipids in dilute aquous system. For candle tree endosperm, the micrographs show formation of planar bilayers and some aggregation of vesicles with droplet of lipids. Phospholipids from sesame seeds show formation of well-defined unilamellar vesicles, liposomes. After extrusion, the size can be reduced down to less than 50 nm with the wall still intact. Coconut endosperm phospholipids show formation of large cluster of aggregated vesicles which will be separated into small unilamelar vesicles and small clusters of vesicles upon extrusion. All aggregates from candle tree, sesame seed and coconut endosperm show unilamellarity of the aggregates wall. The micrographs also reveal the invaginated form of aggregates which clearly show that the bilayer constructing the wall is soft and can be easily bent by osmotic gradient.</p

Interaction of Phospholipid, Cholesterol, Beta-Carotene, and Vitamin C Molecules in Liposome-Based Drug Delivery Systems: An In Silico Study

This paper investigates the interaction within a liposome-based drug delivery system in silico. Results confirmed that phospholipids, cholesterol, beta-carotene, and vitamin C in the liposome structures interact noncovalently. The formation of noncovalent interactions indicates that the liposomal structures from phospholipid molecules will not result in chemical changes to the drug or any molecules encapsulated within. Noncovalent interactions formed include (i) moderate-strength hydrogen bonds with interaction energies ranging from −73.6434 kJ·mol−1 to −45.6734 kJ·mol−1 and bond lengths ranging from 1.731 Å to 1.827 Å and (ii) van der Waals interactions (induced dipole-induced dipole and induced dipole-dipole interactions) with interaction energies ranging from −4.4735 kJ·mol−1 to −1.5840 kJ·mol−1 and bond lengths ranging from 3.192 Å to 3.742 Å. The studies for several phospholipids with short hydrocarbon chains show that changes in chain length have almost no effect on interaction energy, bond length, and partial atomic charge