Patterns of Forming the Urban Surface Deposited Sediments

The contemporary sedimentation processes participate in the formation of fluxes of the solid substances in an urban area, forming together a source of pollution, transit and depositing media. The patterns of forming the urban surface deposited sediments were determined on the example of Russian metropolis Nizhny Novgorod. Two schemes of the research were implemented in residential districts of the city in the summer field season 2018. The first research design scheme represented a detailed survey of residential quarters of the city. It included a collection of 25 samples of environmental compartments from five residential quarters with multi-storey buildings. The sampling was conducted in various functional landscape parts at the courtyard and facade areas. Each sample was separated into particle size fractions. Chemical and mineral analysis was performed in each granulometric subsample of the collected samples. The second scheme represented the urban geochemical study based on sampling the sediments from local surface depressed zones of microrelief in the city. The 40 samples were collected at the territory of the city on an irregular grid. The sampling was carried out in residential areas in blocks with multi-storey buildings. One sample represented a combined sample of sediments from local surface zones of microrelief by 3-5 localizations from the area of the block. Chemical analysis of the collected samples was conducted. The maximum content of dust (0.002-0.01 mm) 39% was found in soil, while the lower mean dust content was found in the samples of sediment from local surface depressed zones of microrelief (30 %) and in the road deposited sediments (30 %). The mineral composition of soil and sediment in Nizhny Novgorod is represented by quartz sand (approx. 55 %). In the samples of sediments, the minerals' content is basically characteristic for acid and metasomatic rocks. Building materials' content in the sediments reaches up to 20%. The maximum organic matter content was found in fine dust fraction 2-10 microns 21% in soils and 5% on the roads. Differentiation of the mineral content in the samples is observed for the various particle size fractions and different functional parts of the quarters. The highest content of metals of anthropogenic association (such as Pb, Zn and Cu) was found in the dust fraction. The Pb and Zn concentrations in samples of sediment of depressed areas of microrelief and road dust were significantly lower than in the soil. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 18-77-10024The study was supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 18-77-10024)

Superconducting parallel nanowire detector with photon number resolving functionality

We present a new photon number resolving detector (PNR), the Parallel Nanowire Detector (PND), which uses spatial multiplexing on a subwavelength scale to provide a single electrical output proportional to the photon number. The basic structure of the PND is the parallel connection of several NbN superconducting nanowires (100 nm-wide, few nm-thick), folded in a meander pattern. Electrical and optical equivalents of the device were developed in order to gain insight on its working principle. PNDs were fabricated on 3-4 nm thick NbN films grown on sapphire (substrate temperature TS=900C) or MgO (TS=400C) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering in an Ar/N2 gas mixture. The device performance was characterized in terms of speed and sensitivity. The photoresponse shows a full width at half maximum (FWHM) as low as 660ps. PNDs showed counting performance at 80 MHz repetition rate. Building the histograms of the photoresponse peak, no multiplication noise buildup is observable and a one photon quantum efficiency can be estimated to be QE=3% (at 700 nm wavelength and 4.2 K temperature). The PND significantly outperforms existing PNR detectors in terms of simplicity, sensitivity, speed, and multiplication noise

BYSTROV VIBROSEISMIC LANDFILL OF THE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY FEDERAL RESEARCH CENTRE RAS AS A UNIQUE FACILITY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF NEW GEOPHYSICAL TECHNOLOGIES

Information is presented about the Bystrov vibroseismic landfill near Novosibirsk, which houses Large-Scale Research Facilities with no analogues in the world – powerful 50–100-ton vibration sources (GRV-50, CVM-100, CV-40). The infrastructure of the landfill, the composition of the equipment, the tasks of scientific research, Russian and foreign performers of developments are described. The main research results of fundamental and practical importance are presented. One of the main tasks that the created polygon is aimed at is active vibroseismic monitoring with powerful vibrators. The repeatability and accuracy of monitoring, which is one millisecond in kinematic parameters, is shown; the existing monitoring scheme and prospects for increasing the monitoring area due to a stationary seismological network of stations are presented. An example of one of the promising fundamental developments is shown – the study of seismic emission during the excitation of a powerful low-frequency impact on the environment

Superconducting nanowire photon number resolving detector at telecom wavelength

The optical-to-electrical conversion, which is the basis of optical detectors, can be linear or nonlinear. When high sensitivities are needed single-photon detectors (SPDs) are used, which operate in a strongly nonlinear mode, their response being independent of the photon number. Nevertheless, photon-number resolving (PNR) detectors are needed, particularly in quantum optics, where n-photon states are routinely produced. In quantum communication, the PNR functionality is key to many protocols for establishing, swapping and measuring entanglement, and can be used to detect photon-number-splitting attacks. A linear detector with single-photon sensitivity can also be used for measuring a temporal waveform at extremely low light levels, e.g. in long-distance optical communications, fluorescence spectroscopy, optical time-domain reflectometry. We demonstrate here a PNR detector based on parallel superconducting nanowires and capable of counting up to 4 photons at telecommunication wavelengths, with ultralow dark count rate and high counting frequency

Modeling of a new type of reinforcing insulation of 110 kV cable joints

This article is devoted to the creation of a new reinforcing insulation of high-voltage cable joints at 110 kV. According to statistics for 2016, about 65% of accidents on the cable line occur at the junction of the two cable segments. The problem of leveling the electric field in the cutting is one of the important in the cable industry. To date, it has become possible to create new composite materials with special properties. With this help, a new type of 110 kV amplifying insulation will work on a new combined method of leveling the electric field. Using the finite element method, the model of amplifying insulation (tube-regulator) was modeled. It consists of several components that are responsible for a different principle of leveling the field

Ischemic Changes in the Mucous Membrane of the Transverse Colon as a Complication of Acute Pancreatitis

Aim: to present a clinical case of a patient with a complicated course of acute pancreatitis.Key points. A 31-year-old patient was admitted to the surgical department with a clinical picture of acute alcoholic pancreatitis. Signs of anemia were regarded as a consequence of gastrointestinal bleeding. Computed tomography with contrast enhancement, along with an increase in the size of the pancreas, the presence of foci of pancreatic necrosis with multiple fluid accumulations in the parapancreatic space, revealed smoothed gaustration and thickening of the walls of the predominantly transverse colon. During colonoscopy, ischemic changes of the colon mucosa were detected in a timely manner. Negative results of analysis for toxins A and B of Clostridioides difficile and pathogenic intestinal flora were obtained. By the means of intensive care, it was possible to achieve complete stabilization of the patient's condition, normalization of laboratory blood parameters and relief of ischemic processes in the colon wall.Conclusion. Ischemic changes of the colon can serve as a complication of acute pancreatitis. A thorough analysis of the results of computed tomography at the first signs of colon lesion and colonoscopy contributed to the rapid detection of complications and prevention of irreversible colon ischemia

Relative luminosity measurement of the LHC with the ATLAS forward calorimeter

In this paper it is shown that a measurement of the relative luminosity changes at the LHC may be obtained by analysing the currents drawn from the high voltage power supplies of the electromagnetic section of the forward calorimeter of the ATLAS detector. The method was verified with a reproduction of a small section of the ATLAS forward calorimeter using proton beams of known beam energies and variable intensities at the U-70 accelerator at IHEP in Protvino, Russia. The experimental setup and the data taking during a test beam run in April 2008 are described in detail. A comparison of the measured high voltage currents with reference measurements from beam intensity monitors shows a linear dependence on the beam intensity. The non-linearities are measured to be less than 0.5 % combining statistical and systematic uncertainties.Comment: 16 page

БЫСТРОВСКИЙ ВИБРОСЕЙСМИЧЕСКИЙ ПОЛИГОН ФИЦ ЕГС РАН КАК УНИКАЛЬНЫЙ ОБЪЕКТ ДЛЯ РАЗРАБОТКИ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ОПРОБОВАНИЯ НОВЫХ ГЕОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

Information is presented about the Bystrov vibroseismic landfill near Novosibirsk, which houses Large-Scale Research Facilities with no analogues in the world – powerful 50–100-ton vibration sources (GRV-50, CVM-100, CV-40). The infrastructure of the landfill, the composition of the equipment, the tasks of scientific research, Russian and foreign performers of developments are described. The main research results of fundamental and practical importance are presented. One of the main tasks that the created polygon is aimed at is active vibroseismic monitoring with powerful vibrators. The repeatability and accuracy of monitoring, which is one millisecond in kinematic parameters, is shown; the existing monitoring scheme and prospects for increasing the monitoring area due to a stationary seismological network of stations are presented. An example of one of the promising fundamental developments is shown – the study of seismic emission during the excitation of a powerful low-frequency impact on the environment.Представлена информация о Быстровском вибросейсмическом полигоне под Новосибирском, на котором размещены не имеющие мировых аналогов уникальные научные установки – мощные 50–100-тонные виброисточники (ГРВ-50, ЦВМ-100, ЦВ-40). Приведена инфраструктура полигона, состав оборудования, описаны задачи научных исследований, указаны российские и зарубежные исполнители разработок. Приведены главные результаты исследований, имеющие фундаментальное и практическое значение. Одной из главных задач, на которые нацелен созданный полигон, является активный вибросейсмический мониторинг с мощными вибраторами. Показана повторяемость и точность мониторинга, составляющая по кинематическим параметрам одну миллисекунду; приведена существующая схема мониторинга и перспективы наращивания площади мониторинга за счет стационарной сейсмологической сети станций. Показан пример одной из перспективных фундаментальных разработок – изучение сейсмической эмиссии при возбуждении мощного низкочастотного воздействия на среду