Numerical simulation of the effect of pellet injection on ELMs

We report on numerical simulation studies of the dynamical behavior of edge localized modes (ELMs) under the influence of repetitive injection of pellets. In our nonlinear 2-fluid model the ELMs are excited by introducing a particle source in the confinement region and a particle sink in the edge region. The injection of pellets is simulated by periodically raising the edge density in a pulsed manner. We find that when the edge density is raised to twice the normal edge density with a duty cycle (on time:off time) of 1:2, the ELMs are generated on an average at a faster rate and with reduced amplitudes. These changes lead to significant improvements in the plasma beta indicative of an improvement in the energy confinement due to pellet injection. Concurrently, the plasma density and temperature profiles also get significantly modified. A comparative study is made of the nature of ELM dynamics for different magnitudes of edge density enhancements. We also discuss the relative impact on ELMs from resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) compared to pellet injection in terms of changes in the plasma temperature, density, location of the ELMs and the nonlinear spectral transfer of energies

Common Errors Found in the Use of Sentence Structure: a Case Study

This study is done to find out: (1) the common errors in the use of sentence structure and (2) the similarities and differences on the types of errors in the use of sentence structure between original draft in the first topic, second topic, and third topic of Written English 4B class English Department in Petra Christian University. The writer chooses the theory of common errors in the use of sentence structure as proposed by Ho (2005). The findings of this study show that there are seven (7) out of eight (8) types of errors that occur in the students' drafts. Fragmented Sentence is the most common error made by the students in their drafts. In addition, there were similarities and differences on the types of errors and the frequency of occurrences of errors among the students. In conclusion, most of the students have understood about the use of sentence structure

Giant Radio Sources

We present multi-frequency VLA observations of two giant quasars, 0437-244 and 1025-229, from the Molonglo Complete Sample. These sources have well-defined FRII radio structure, possible one-sided jets, no significant depolarization between 1365 and 4935 MHz and low rotation measure ($\mid RM \mid < 20 rad/m^2$). The giant sources are defined to be those whose overall projected size is $\geq$ 1 Mpc. We have compiled a sample of about 50 known giant radio sources from the literature, and have compared some of their properties with a complete sample of 3CR radio sources of smaller sizes to investigate the evolution of giant sources, and test their consistency with the unified scheme for radio galaxies and quasars. We find an inverse correlation between the degree of core prominence and total radio luminosity, and show that the giant radio sources have similar core strengths to the smaller sources of similar total luminosity. Hence their large sizes are unlikely to be due to stronger nuclear activity. The degree of collinearity of the giant sources is also similar to the sample of smaller sources. The luminosity-size diagram shows that the giant sources are less luminous than our sample of smaller-sized 3CR sources, consistent with evolutionary scenarios where the giants have evolved from the smaller sources losing energy as they expand to these large dimensions. For the smaller sources, radiative losses due to synchrotron radiation is more significant while for the giant sources the equipartition magnetic fields are smaller and inverse Compton losses with the microwave background radiation is the dominant process. The radio properties of the giant radio galaxies and quasars are consistent with the unified scheme.Comment: 14 pages with 12 figures, MNRAS LaTex. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Minor changes in the text and couple of references adde

On the distribution of barriers in the spin glasses

We discuss a general formalism that allows study of transitions over barriers in spin glasses with long-range interactions that contain large but finite number, $N$, of spins. We apply this formalism to the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model with finite $N$ and derive equations for the dynamical order parameters which allow ''instanton'' solutions describing transitions over the barriers separating metastable states. Specifically, we study these equations for a glass state that was obtained in a slow cooling process ending a little below $T_{c}$ and show that these equations allow ''instanton'' solutions which erase the response of the glass to the perturbations applied during the slow cooling process. The corresponding action of these solutions gives the energy of the barriers, we find that it scales as $\tau ^{6}$ where $\tau$ is the reduced temperature.Comment: 8 pages, LaTex, 2 Postscript figure

Ozone measurements from the NOAA-9 and the Nimbus-7 satellites: Implications of short and long term variabilities

An overview is given of the measurements of total ozne and ozone profiles by the SBUV/2 instrument on the NOAA-9 spacecraft relative to similar measurements from the SBUV and TOMS instruments on Nimbus-7. It is shown that during the three year period from March 14, 1985, to February 28, 1988, when these data sets overlap, there have been significant changes in the calibrations of the three instruments which may be attributed to the drift of the NOSS-9 orbit to later equator crossing times (for SBUV/2). These changes in instrument characteristics have affected the absolute values of the trends derived from the three instruments, but their geophysical characteristics and response to short term variations are accurate and correlate well among the three instruments. For example, the total column ozone measured by the three instruments shows excellent agreement with respect to its day to day, seasonal, and latitudinal variabilities. At high latitudes, the day to day fluctuations in total ozone show a strong positive correlation with temperature in the lower stratosphere, as one might expect from the dynamical coupling of the two parameters at these latitudes

Pengaruh Person-organization Fit terhadap Turnover Intention melalui Kepuasan Kerja pada PT Paragon Spesial Metal Surabaya

Sumber daya manusia merupakan kunci operasional dari suatu organisasi. Perusahaan perlu memperhatikan kesesuaian karyawan dengan organisasi, sehingga karyawan merasa puas dan tidak memiliki niat untuk berpindah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh person-organization fit terhadap turnover intetion melalui kepuasan kerja.Jenis penelitian ini adalah efek-kausal dengan metode kuantitatif. Data dianalisis menggunakan Partial Least Square. Sampel diambil dari 80 karyawan PT Paragon Spesial Metal. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampel jenuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa person-organization fit berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap kepuasan kerja, person-organization fit berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap turnover intention, dan kepuasan kerja berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap turnover intention

Evaluasi Penetapan Pajak Penghasilan Karyawan PT. Bharinto Ekatama di Kabupaten Kutai Barat 2016

Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 21 adalah Pajak yang dikenakan terhadap penghasilan yang diperoleh seorang Wajib Pajak. Penghasilan berupa gaji, upah, honorarium, dan tunjangan, dan pembayaran lain dengan nama dan dalam bentuk apapun sehubungan dengan pekerjaan atau jabatan sebagai imbalan atas jasa.Dasar hukum Perhitungan dan Pemotongan PPh Pasal 21 adalah Undang-Undang Pajak Penghasilan Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 dan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 162/PMK.011/2012, tentang Petunjuk Perhitungan dan Pemotongan PPh Pasal 21.Perumusan Masalah dari penelitian ini adalah “Apakah perhitungan dan pemotongan PPh 21 yang dikemukakan pada karyawan PT. Bharinto Ekatama Kabupaten Kutau Barat telah sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 dan pelaporan Pajak Penghasilan dalam SPT Tahunan PPh Orang Pribadi tahun 2012 dan seterusnya adalah sebesar Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak (PTKP) sebagaimana dalam Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 162/PMK.011/2012.”Dasar teori yang digunakan adalah Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) Pasal 21 dengan Undang-undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 dan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 162/PMK.011/2012..Hipotesis penelitian ini perhitungan dan pemotongan PPh Pasal 21 telah sesuai dengan peraturan Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2008 dan pelaporan Pajak Penghasilan dalam SPT Tahunan PPh Orang Pribadi tahun 2012 dan seterusnya adalah sebesar Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak (PTKP) sebagaimana dalam Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 162/PMK.011/2012.”Hasil pembahasan perhitungan dan pemotongan PPh 21 terhadap karyawan PT. Bharinto Ekatama Kabupaten Kutau Barat yang dilakukan bendahara sesuai dengan dengan Undang-Undang Pajak Penghasilan Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 maka dengan demikian hipotesis diolak