38,770 research outputs found
Roles of the Bloom's syndrome helicase in the maintenance of genome stability
The RecQ family of DNA helicases is highly conserved in evolution from bacteria to humans. Of the five known human RecQ family members, three (BLM, WRN and RECQ4, which cause Bloom's syndrome, Werner's syndrome and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome respectively) are mutated in distinct clinical disorders associated with cancer predisposition and/or premature aging. BLM forms part of a multienzyme complex including topoisomerase IIIalpha, replication protein A and a newly identified factor called BLAP75. Together, these proteins play a role in the resolution of DNA structures that arise during the process of homologous recombination repair. In the absence of BLM, cells show genomic instability and a high incidence of sister-chromatid exchanges. In addition to a DNA structure-specific helicase activity, BLM also catalyses Holliday-junction branch migration and the annealing of complementary single-stranded DNA molecules
Supercritical multicomponent solvent coal extraction
The yield of organic extract from the supercritical extraction of coal with larger diameter organic solvents such as toluene is increased by use of a minor amount of from 0.1 to 10% by weight of a second solvent such as methanol having a molecular diameter significantly smaller than the average pore diameter of the coal
Applications of physical methods in high-frequency futures markets
In the present work we demonstrate the application of different physical
methods to high-frequency or tick-by-tick financial time series data. In
particular, we calculate the Hurst exponent and inverse statistics for the
price time series taken from a range of futures indices. Additionally, we show
that in a limit order book the relaxation times of an imbalanced book state
with more demand or supply can be described by stretched exponential laws
analogous to those seen in many physical systems.Comment: 14 Pages and 10 figures. Proceeding to the SPIE conference, 4 - 7
December 2007 Australian National Univ. Canberra, ACT, Australi
Cosmic ray feedback in the FIRE simulations: constraining cosmic ray propagation with GeV gamma ray emission
We present the implementation and the first results of cosmic ray (CR)
feedback in the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) simulations. We
investigate CR feedback in non-cosmological simulations of dwarf, sub-
starburst, and galaxies with different propagation models, including
advection, isotropic and anisotropic diffusion, and streaming along field lines
with different transport coefficients. We simulate CR diffusion and streaming
simultaneously in galaxies with high resolution, using a two moment method. We
forward-model and compare to observations of -ray emission from nearby
and starburst galaxies. We reproduce the -ray observations of dwarf and
galaxies with constant isotropic diffusion coefficient . Advection-only and streaming-only
models produce order-of-magnitude too large -ray luminosities in dwarf
and galaxies. We show that in models that match the -ray
observations, most CRs escape low-gas-density galaxies (e.g.\ dwarfs) before
significant collisional losses, while starburst galaxies are CR proton
calorimeters. While adiabatic losses can be significant, they occur only after
CRs escape galaxies, so they are only of secondary importance for -ray
emissivities. Models where CRs are ``trapped'' in the star-forming disk have
lower star formation efficiency, but these models are ruled out by -ray
observations. For models with constant that match the -ray
observations, CRs form extended halos with scale heights of several kpc to
several tens of kpc.Comment: 31 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Gravitation and Cosmology in Generalized (1+1)-dimensional dilaton gravity
The actions of the ``'' and string-inspired theories of gravity in (1+1)
dimensions are generalized into one single action which is characterized by two
functions. We discuss differing interpretations of the matter stress-energy
tensor, and show how two such different interpretations can yield two different
sets of field equations from this action. The weak-field approximation,
post-Newtonian expansion, hydrostatic equilibrium state of star and
two-dimensional cosmology are studied separately by using the two sets of field
equations. Some properties in the ``'' and string-inspired theories are
shown to be generic in the theory induced by the generalized action.Comment: 34 page
Phase separation in an homogeneous shear flow: Morphology, growth laws and dynamic scaling
We investigate numerically the influence of an homogeneous shear flow on the
spinodal decomposition of a binary mixture by solving the Cahn-Hilliard
equation in a two-dimensional geometry. Several aspects of this much studied
problem are clarified. Our numerical data show unambiguously that, in the shear
flow, the domains have on average an elliptic shape. The time evolution of the
three parameters describing this ellipse are obtained for a wide range of shear
rates. For the lowest shear rates investigated, we find the growth laws for the
two principal axis , , while
the mean orientation of the domains with respect to the flow is inversely
proportional to the strain. This implies that when hydrodynamics is neglected a
shear flow does not stop the domain growth process. We investigate also the
possibility of dynamic scaling, and show that only a non trivial form of
scaling holds, as predicted by a recent analytical approach to the case of a
non-conserved order parameter. We show that a simple physical argument may
account for these results.Comment: Version accepted for publication - Physical Review
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