124 research outputs found
Light focusing by silicon nanosphere structures under conditions of magnetic dipole and quadrupole resonances
Metalens is a planar device for light focusing. In this work, we design and optimize c-Si nanosphere metalenses working on the magnetic dipole and quadrupole resonances of the c-Si nanoparticle. Resonant optical response of c-Si nanostructures is simulated by the multipole decomposition method along with the zero-order Born approximation. Limitations of this approach are investigated. The obtained results of optimization are verified by simulation via the T-matrix method
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Transmission and reflection features of all-dielectrics metasurfaces with electric and magnetic resonances
The effective multipole decomposition approach is applied to study the optical features of the silicon metasurface in the near-infrared. The spectral regions of perfect transmission and reflection have been analyzed using the Cartesian multipole decomposition. It is shown that transmission peaks appear due to the mutual interaction of multipole moments up to the third order, while reflection peaks are due to the dominant contribution of one of the multipole moments. The results of this work can be broadly applied to design novel metasurfaces, sensors, and optical filters.This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
Electromagnetic realization of topological states in one-dimensional arrays of bianisotropic particles
We propose a strategy to realize one-dimensional electromagnetic topologically protected states by modifying on-site properties of particles keeping linear equidistant geometry of the array. Based on the discrete dipole approximation, we demonstrate the existence of non-trivial topology of photonic bands and mapping to the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. We investigate the properties of an isolated ceramic disk to optimize its electromagnetic response, namely, the splitting of electric and magnetic dipole resonances due to bianisotropy. Using fullwave simulations we demonstrate the presence of the topological interface state in the microwave spectral range.This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 16-19-10538). M.A.G.
acknowledges partial support by the Foundation for the Advancement of Theoretical Physics
and Mathematics βBasisβ
Transverse scattering and generalized Kerker effects in all-dielectric Mie-resonant meta-optics
All-dielectric resonant nanophotonics lies at the heart of modern optics and
nanotechnology due to the unique possibilities to control scattering of light
from high-index dielectric nanoparticles and metasurfaces. One of the important
concepts of dielectric Mie-resonant nanophotonics is associated with the Kerker
effect that drives the unidirectional scattering of light from nanoantennas and
Huygens' metasurfaces. Here we suggest and demonstrate experimentally a novel
effect manifested in the nearly complete simultaneous suppression of both
forward and backward scattered fields. This effect is governed by the Fano
interference between an electric dipole and off-resonant quadrupoles, providing
necessary phases and amplitudes of the scattered fields to achieve the
transverse scattering. We extend this concept to dielectric metasurfaces that
demonstrate zero reflection with transverse scattering and strong field
enhancement for resonant light filtering, nonlinear effects, and sensing
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ
Open-angle glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy characterized by morphological changes in the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fibers layer in the absence of other eye diseases.Regular medical check-ups are necessary to assess the progression of glaucoma, to correct the treatment regimen or prescribe surgical interventions, to control the stabilization of the glaucoma process and to preserve visual functions for longer period. When planning the number of monitoring visits, it is necessary to carefully study the prognostic risk factors, since they are statistically associated with the development and progression of glaucoma. Closer observation of patients with glaucoma reduces the risk of irreversible changes in the organ of vision.Patient compliance is of particular importance in the progression of glaucoma. The adherence rate in the treatment of glaucoma is relatively lower compared to other chronic diseases that require lifelong treatment.Currently, there is no effective model of regular checkups for glaucoma patients, therefore this direction requires improvement and development, both in the standards and timing of patient examination, and in the use of remote methods of glaucoma control. The disadvantage of theΒ current medical check-ups routine is the lack of individual approach to patients, lack of equipment in the offices of regional ophthalmologists, and lack of specialized glaucoma offices.The tense epidemiological situation during the Covid-19 pandemic, gave understanding that while in-person consultations and remote consultations (telemedicine) cannot replace each other, a combination of these methods is cost-effective, can reduce the uneven distribution of ophthalmic resources, reduce the burden on the doctor and the rate of misdiagnosis. The situation was aggravated by the closure of ophthalmological hospitals and an increase in the waiting time for consultation in higher specialized medical institutions, which probably entails an increase in patients with progression of the glaucomatous process and the economic burden on both the state and the patients themselves.Telemedicine should be gradually introduced into everyday practice, for which it is advisable to create a single database of glaucoma patients to track the glaucomatous process.ΠΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ° β Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π³Π»Π°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.ΠΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ², Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π° Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ².ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ COVID-19 Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°. Π£ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ° Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°
Π‘ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ β ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅, Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅, Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π΅
The article presents a brief overview of the establishment and development of screening system in the pediatric population for tuberculosis andΒ latent tuberculosis infection - from Koch alt-tuberculin to modern recombinant tuberculosis allergens for intradermal administration and in vitro laboratory tests. It gives extensive data on clinical research and the introduction into practical public health of the Russian Federation of the test with recombinant tuberculosis allergen as a screening method for tuberculosis in children from 8 to 14 years old inclusively.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π· ΠΈ Π½Π° Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ β ΠΎΡ Π°Π»ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΠΎΡ
Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² in vitro. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π Π€ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Ρ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π· Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ 8 Π΄ΠΎ 14 Π»Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ
ΠΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°
Purpose. To assess the possibilities of methods of radiation diagnosis in the recognition and staging of gastric cancer.Material and methods. The results of inspection of 307 patients with cancer of a stomach at which endoscopic, radiological and computer tomography researches on purpose, both primary diagnosis of gastric cancer, and establishment of a staging of process have been executed have been analyzed from 2014 to 2017.Results. At a radiological research proximal cancer of a stomach is revealed at 63 (20,5%) patients, a body β at 202 (65.8%) and distally β at 42 (13.7%) patients. In all cases we managed to diagnose precisely stomach cancer, its localization and distribution on stomach walls. MSCT allowed to determine the spread of the tumor beyond the organ. Results of comprehensive examination of patients with cancer of a stomach have allowed to stage the process. The first stage has been established at 40 (13.0%) patients, second β at the 117 (38.2%), third β at the 102 (33.2%), fourth β at 48 (15.6%). Of the 307 patients with gastric cancer, various types of interventions were subsequently performed in 254 (83%), chemotherapy, as an independent type of treatment was performed in 49 (16%), refused any treatment of 4 (1%) patients.Conclusion. Complex radiation diagnosis is highly informative for the detection and staging of stomach cancer.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 307 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Ρ 2014 ΠΏΠΎ 2017 Π³.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Ρ 63 (20,5%) Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ΅Π»Π° β Ρ 202 (65,8%) ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ β Ρ 42 (13,7%) Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ‘ΠΠ’ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. I ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Ρ 40 (13,0%) Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, II β Ρ 117 (38,2%), III β Ρ 102 (33,2%), IV β Ρ 48 (15,6%). ΠΠ· 307 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ² Ρ 254 (83%), Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ Ρ 49 (16%), ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, 4 (1%) Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°
ΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ€Π€ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ― Π’Π£ΠΠΠ ΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠ Π£Β ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ Π£Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ―Π₯
The main objective of a phthisiologist following up and treating children and adolescents with local forms of tuberculosis is to achieve complete clinical cure with minimal remaining post-tuberculosis changes. Evaluation of treatment progress is important since it defines not only the duration of chemotherapy and follow-up but it also serves a prognostic criterion of stable clinical cure and prevention of relapse in the future. New criteria for evaluation of tuberculosis activity and clinical cure in children and adolescents were assessed. It was proved that Mantoux test could not be the criterion of the disease activity. While results of the test with tuberculous recombinant allergen (TRA) performed at the moment of clinical cure did not depend on the volume and severity of changes and allowed assessing the activity of the disease with any intensity of specific changes in chest lymph nodes and lung tissue, and TRA test served as a criterion of activity of mycobacterial population in the host.ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°-ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΠ°Π½ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ², ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Ρ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ (ΠΠ’Π ) Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π° Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
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ΡΠ·Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π° Ρ ΠΠ’Π ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π° Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°
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