Momentum-independent magnetic excitation continuum in the honeycomb iridate H3_3LiIr2_2O6_6

In the search for realizations of Quantum Spin Liquids (QSL), it is essential to understand the interplay between inherent disorder and the correlated fluctuating spin ground state. H$_3$LiIr$_2$O$_6$ is regarded as a spin liquid proximate to the Kitaev-limit (KQSL) in which H zero-point motion and stacking faults are known to be present. Bond disorder has been invoked to account for the existence of unexpected low-energy spin excitations. Controversy remains about the nature of the underlying correlated state and if any KQSL physics survives. Here, we use resonant X-ray spectroscopies to map the collective excitations in H$_3$LiIr$_2$O$_6$ and characterize its magnetic state. We uncover a broad bandwidth and momentum-independent continuum of magnetic excitations at low temperatures that are distinct from the paramagnetic state. The center energy and high-energy tail of the continuum are consistent with expectations for dominant ferromagnetic Kitaev interactions between dynamically fluctuating spins. The absence of a momentum dependence to these excitations indicates a broken translational invariance. Our data support an interpretation of H$_3$LiIr$_2$O$_6$ as a disordered topological spin liquid in close proximity to bond-disordered versions of the KQSL. Our results shed light on how random disorder affects topological magnetic states and have implications for future experimental and theoretical works toward realizing the Kitaev model in condensed matter system

Women and Illegal Activities: Gender Differences and Women's Willingness to Comply Over Time

In recent years the topics of illegal activities such as corruption or tax evasion have attracted a great deal of attention. However, there is still a lack of substantial empirical evidence about the determinants of compliance. The aim of this paper is to investigate empirically whether women are more willing to be compliant than men and whether we observe (among women and in general) differences in attitudes among similar age groups in different time periods (cohort effect) or changing attitudes of the same cohorts over time (age effect) using data from eight Western European countries from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey that span the period from 1981 to 1999. The results reveal higher willingness to comply among women and an age rather than a cohort effect. Working Paper 06-5

Local Difference Measures between Complex Networks for Dynamical System Model Evaluation

Acknowledgments We thank Reik V. Donner for inspiring suggestions that initialized the work presented herein. Jan H. Feldhoff is credited for providing us with the STARS simulation data and for his contributions to fruitful discussions. Comments by the anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged as they led to substantial improvements of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A prospective observational study of iron isomaltoside in haemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease treated for iron deficiency (DINO).

Iron deficiency is frequent in haemodialysis (HD) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and intravenous iron is an established therapy for these patients. This study assessed treatment routine, effectiveness, and safety of iron isomaltoside (IIM) 5% (Diafer®) in a HD cohort.This article is freely available via Open Access. Click on the link to the publisher's site to access the full-text

Completion dissection or observation for sentinel-node metastasis in melanoma

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