932 research outputs found
Simulation and analysis of solenoidal ion sources
We present a detailed analysis and simulation of solenoidal, magnetically confined electron bombardment ion sources, aimed at molecular beam detection. The aim is to achieve high efficiency for singly ionized species while minimizing multiple ionization. Electron space charge plays a major role and we apply combined ray tracing and finite element simulations to determine the properties of a realistic geometry. The factors controlling electron injection and ion extraction are discussed. The results from simulations are benchmarked against experimental measurements on a prototype source
Letter from the Executive Committee of the Alumni Association
Letter concerning copies of a paper and a letter to be distributed at Utah Agricultural College
Linewidths in bound state resonances for helium scattering from Si(111)-(1x1)H
Helium-3 spin-echo measurements of resonant scattering from the Si(111)â(1 Ă 1)H surface, in the energy range 4â14 meV, are presented. The measurements have high energy resolution yet they reveal bound state resonance features with uniformly broad linewidths. We show that exact quantum mechanical calculations of the elastic scattering, using the existing potential for the helium/Si(111)â(1 Ă 1)H interaction, cannot reproduce the linewidths seen in the experiment. Further calculations rule out inelastic and other mechanisms that might give rise to losses from the elastic scattering channels. We show that corrugation in the attractive part of the atomâsurface potential is the most likely origin of the experimental lineshapes
X-Ray flares in Orion Young Stars. II. Flares, Magnetospheres, and Protoplanetary Disks
We study the properties of powerful X-ray flares from 161 pre-main sequence
(PMS) stars observed with the Chandra X-ray Observatory in the Orion Nebula
region. Relationships between flare properties, protoplanetary disks and
accretion are examined in detail to test models of star-disk interactions at
the inner edge of the accretion disks. Previous studies had found no
differences in flaring between diskfree and accreting systems other than a
small overall diminution of X-ray luminosity in accreting systems. The most
important finding is that X-ray coronal extents in fast-rotating diskfree stars
can significantly exceed the Keplerian corotation radius, whereas X-ray loop
sizes in disky and accreting systems do not exceed the corotation radius. This
is consistent with models of star-disk magnetic interaction where the inner
disk truncates and confines the PMS stellar magnetosphere. We also find two
differences between flares in accreting and diskfree PMS stars. First, a
subclass of super-hot flares with peak plasma temperatures exceeding 100 MK are
preferentially present in accreting systems. Second, we tentatively find that
accreting stars produce flares with shorter durations. Both results may be
consequences of the distortion and destabilization of the stellar magnetosphere
by the interacting disk. Finally, we find no evidence that any flare types,
even slow-rise flat-top flares are produced in star-disk magnetic loops. All
are consistent with enhanced solar long-duration events with both footprints
anchored in the stellar surface.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ (07/17/08); 46 pages, 14 figures, 2
table
Fine structure of alpha decay in odd nuclei
Using an alpha decay level scheme, an explanation for the fine structure in
odd nuclei is evidenced by taking into account the radial and rotational
couplings between the unpaired nucleon and the core of the decaying system. It
is stated that the experimental behavior of the alpha decay fine structure
phenomenon is directed by the dynamical characteristics of the system.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, REVTex, submitted to Physical Review
Quasi-elastic peak lineshapes in adsorbate diffusion on nearly flat surfaces at low coverages: the motional narrowing effect in Xe on Pt(111)
Quasi-elastic helium atom scattering measurements have provided clear
evidence for a two-dimensional free gas of Xe atoms on Pt(111) at low
coverages. Increasing the friction due to the surface, a gradual change of the
shape of the quasi-elastic peak is predicted and analyzed for this system in
terms of the so-called motional narrowing effect. The type of analysis
presented here for the quasi-elastic peak should be prior to any deconvolution
procedure carried out in order to better extract information from the process,
e.g. diffusion coefficients and jump distributions. Moreover, this analysis
also provides conditions for the free gas regime different than those reported
earlier.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures (revised version
Molecular modeling and structural analysis of the Myelin basic protein-Q65ZS4.
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic, debilitating psychotic mental disorder that affects about 1 percent of the population in different countries. Scz is characterized by a series of negative and positive symptoms including psychomotor retardation, attentional impairment, decreased emotional expression, psychomotor agitation, and auditory hallucinations.X-meeting 2007
Ultra-high precision determination of site energy differences using a Bayesian method
Accurate experimental data of adsorbate potential energy landscapes are crucial as benchmarks for the evaluation of first-principles calculations. Here, we present a Bayesian method, analyzing the difference in forward and backward hopping rate in helium spin-echo measurements, that allows us to determine the binding-energy difference between two sites with unprecedented accuracy. Demonstrating the power of the method on the model system cyclopentadienyl/Cu(111), we find an energy difference between fcc and hcp hollow sites of (10.6±1.7) meV
Reading Scepticism Historically. Scepticism, Acatalepsia and the Fall of Adam in Francis Bacon
The first part of this paper will provide a reconstruction of Francis Baconâs interpretation of Academic scepticism, Pyrrhonism, and Dogmatism, and its sources throughout his large corpus. It shall also analyze Baconâs approach against the background of his intellectual milieu, looking particularly at Renaissance readings of scepticism as developed by Guillaume Salluste du Bartas, Pierre de la Primaudaye, Fulke Greville, and John Davies. It shall show that although Bacon made more references to Academic than to Pyrrhonian Scepticism, like most of his contemporaries, he often misrepresented and mixed the doctrinal components of both currents. The second part of the paper shall offer a complete chronological survey of Baconâs assessment of scepticism throughout his writings. Following the lead of previous studies by other scholars, I shall support the view that, while he approved of the state of doubt and the suspension of judgment as a provisional necessary stage in the pursuit of knowledge, he rejected the notion of acatalepsia. To this received reading, I shall add the suggestion that Baconâs criticism of acatalepsia ultimately depends on his view of the historical conditions that surround human nature. I deal with this last point in the third part of the paper, where I shall argue that Baconâs evaluation of scepticism relied on his adoption of a Protestant and Augustinian view of human nature that informed his overall interpretation of the history of humanity and nature, including the sceptical schools
- âŠ