22 research outputs found
Espécies mais abundantes de Syrphidae (Diptera) em dois anos de coletas com armadilhas Malaise no Estado do Paranå, Brasil Most abundant species of Syrphidae (Diptera) collected during two years with Malaise traps in Paranå, Brazil
Durante dois anos de coleta (1986 a 1988) do Projeto de Levantamento da Fauna EntomolĂłgica do ParanĂĄ (PROFAUPAR) em oito localidades do Estado, foram coletados 3316 indivĂduos da famĂlia Syrphidae, sendo 1607 no primeiro ano e 1709 no segundo. Cinco espĂ©cies (Toxomerus procrastinatus Metz, Toxomerus tibicen (Wiedemann), Microdon mitis Curran, Leucopodella gracilis (Williston) e Paramicrodon flukei (Curran) destacaram-se pelos nĂveis de abundĂąncia alcançados, num total de 1554 indivĂduos. SĂŁo discutidas as distribuiçÔes sazonais de abundĂąncia de cada uma destas espĂ©cies.<br>During two years (1986 to 1988) of the project "Survey of the Entomological Fauna in ParanĂĄ" (PROFAUPAR) carried out in eigth localities of ParanĂĄ, Brazil, 3,316 specimens belonging to Syrphidae were collected, 1,607 in the first year and 1,709 in the second. Five species were most collected in a total of 1,554 specimens and their seasonality are evaluated: Toxomerus procrastinatus Metz, Toxomerus tibicen (Wiedemann), Microdon mitis Curran, Leucopodella gracilis (Williston) and Paramicrodon flukei (Curran)
Phylogenomic analysis of Calyptratae: resolving the phylogenetic relationships within a major radiation of Diptera
The Calyptratae, one of the most speciesârich fly clades, only originated and diversified after the CretaceousâPalaeogene extinction event and yet exhibit high species diversity and a diverse array of life history strategies including predation, phytophagy, saprophagy, haematophagy and parasitism. We present the first phylogenomic analysis of calyptrate relationships. The analysis is based on 40 species representing all calyptrate families and on nucleotide and amino acid data for 1456 singleâcopy proteinâcoding genes obtained from shotgun sequencing of transcriptomes. Topologies are overall well resolved, robust and largely congruent across trees obtained with different approaches (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, coalescentâbased species tree, fourâcluster likelihood mapping). Many nodes have 100% bootstrap and jackknife support, but the true support varies by more than one order of magnitude [Bremer support from 3 to 3427; random addition concatenation analysis (RADICAL) gene concatenation size from 10 to 1456]. Analyses of a Dayhoffâ6 recoded amino acid dataset also support the robustness of many clades. The backbone topology Hippoboscoidea+(Fanniidae+(Muscidae+((AnthomyiidaeâScathophagidae)+Oestroidea))) is strongly supported and most families are monophyletic (exceptions: Anthomyiidae and Calliphoridae). The monotypic Ulurumyiidae is either alone or together with Mesembrinellidae as the sister group to the rest of Oestroidea. The Sarcophagidae are sister to Mystacinobiidae+Oestridae. Polleniinae emerge as sister group to Tachinidae and the monophyly of the clade Calliphorinae+Luciliinae is well supported, but the phylogenomic data cannot confidently place the remaining blowfly subfamilies (Helicoboscinae, Ameniinae, Chrysomyinae). Compared to hypotheses from the Sanger sequencing era, many clades within the muscoid grade are congruent but now have much higher support. Within much of Oestroidea, Sanger era and phylogenomic data struggle equally with regard to finding wellâsupported hypotheses