State and Trends of Development of Territorial Differentiation of Modern Labour Force

Introduction. The current stage of social development is characterized by large-scale changes in the social composition of the economically active population. The transformation of its territorial differentiation has become one of the development vectors, and it is expressed in a new quantitative and qualitative ratio of the urban and rural labour force, structural features of territorial employment, general characteristics of regional labour markets, increasing income inequality, etc. The study of these social phenomena is a necessary condition for elabouration of the concept of sustainable and stable development of both different regions and the world community as a whole.Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the study was the classification of the territorial division of the population used by the International Labour Organization. There were analyzed and compiled the official statistics presented in the organization's reports. Descriptive statistics methods were applied. Regression analysis was used to establish a statistically significant relationship between the annual GDP growth rate per employee and the share of people employed in the service sector.Results and discussion. The global change in the state and trends of the development of territorial differentiation of the economically active population in the 20th century determined the need to correctly correlate the laws of world urbanization with its regional characteristics when analyzing the process itself and its results in countries of various types. This process has led to changes in the industrial, professional, property and gender parameters of the urban and rural labour market.Conclusion. An analysis of regional differences in the modern labour market revealed such trends as the growth of the urban economically active population, the predominance of the urban labour force over the rural, the predominant employment of the urban population in the service-producing sector of the economy, income inequality and access to work in urban and rural areas, differences in property status, gender inequality of the urban and rural labour forces, etc. Taking into account these characteristics should be a prerequisite for the development of the concept of sustainable and stable development of both individual regions and the world community as a whole

Environmental and socio-economic development of regions: evaluation of regional differentiation

A system of generalized and specific indices characterizing factors of regional environmental and socio-economic development was established. Official statistical data were analyzed for the development of the regional-differentiation system of indices. The data included characteristics of pollution and environmental protection, prevalence of socially significant diseases in the region, the level of economic and demographic potential of the regions. To evaluate and select the most informative relative characteristics describing the differentiation of regional potentials we took into account the matter of the characteristics, their variation and interdependence. The most informative characteristics were used for extracting latent factors explaining regional differentiation. The factors of industrial resources, social deprivation, HIV prevalence and drug addiction were obtained. A system of indices lets classify and rank regions in order to work out federal and regional development programs

MONITORING THE ATTITUDE OF THE POPULATION TO PROBLEMS OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT FOR SITUATION-AL CENTERS OF A SMART CITY

Goal. The purpose of the study was to search for alternative sources of information on popu-lation’s preferences and response to problems and changes in the urban environment for use in the operational decision-making at situational centers. Materials and methods. The authors used data from search queries with keywords, data on communities in social networks, data from subject forums, and official statistics. Methods of statistical data analysis were applied. Results. The analysis of thematic online activity of the population was performed. The re-sults reflected the interest in the state of the environment, the possibility of distance learning and work, are presented. It was reasoned that measurements of population’s thematic online activity let identify needs and analyze the real-time response to changes in the urban envi-ronment. Such an approach to identifying the needs of the population can be used in addition to the platforms “Active Citizen” of the Smart City project. Conclusions. An analysis of data on online activity of the population for decision-making at situational centers is more operational, flexible and representative, as compared with the use of tools of those platforms. Such an analysis can be used as an alternative to sociological surveys, as it saves time and money. When making management decisions using intelligent information services, it is necessary to take into account the needs of the population, reflect-ed in its socio-economic activity in cyberspace.</jats:p

Üldbioloogia : õpik X-XI klassile

Digiteeritud Euroopa Regionaalarengu Fondi rahastusel, projekti "Eesti teadus- ja õppekirjandus" (2014-2020.12.03.21-0848) raames.https://www.ester.ee/record=b1288883*es

State and Trends of Development of Territorial Differentiation of Modern Labour Force

Introduction. The current stage of social development is characterized by large-scale changes in the social composition of the economically active population. The transformation of its territorial differentiation has become one of the development vectors, and it is expressed in a new quantitative and qualitative ratio of the urban and rural labour force, structural features of territorial employment, general characteristics of regional labour markets, increasing income inequality, etc. The study of these social phenomena is a necessary condition for elabouration of the concept of sustainable and stable development of both different regions and the world community as a whole.Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the study was the classification of the territorial division of the population used by the International Labour Organization. There were analyzed and compiled the official statistics presented in the organization's reports. Descriptive statistics methods were applied. Regression analysis was used to establish a statistically significant relationship between the annual GDP growth rate per employee and the share of people employed in the service sector.Results and discussion. The global change in the state and trends of the development of territorial differentiation of the economically active population in the 20th century determined the need to correctly correlate the laws of world urbanization with its regional characteristics when analyzing the process itself and its results in countries of various types. This process has led to changes in the industrial, professional, property and gender parameters of the urban and rural labour market.Conclusion. An analysis of regional differences in the modern labour market revealed such trends as the growth of the urban economically active population, the predominance of the urban labour force over the rural, the predominant employment of the urban population in the service-producing sector of the economy, income inequality and access to work in urban and rural areas, differences in property status, gender inequality of the urban and rural labour forces, etc. Taking into account these characteristics should be a prerequisite for the development of the concept of sustainable and stable development of both individual regions and the world community as a whole.</jats:p

Socio-economic monitoring of HIV/AIDS threat in the Russian Federation

The subject of the investigation is social and economic aspects of the threat of HIV/AIDS in the Russian Federation. The investigation was aimed at improving socio-economic monitoring of the HIV/AIDS threat. The methodology of systemic analysis and statistical methods were used. Three main sections of socio-economic monitoring of HIV/AIDS were defined with their problems, challenges and areas for improvement. Results of the study are applicable in justifying and shaping public policy to counter the threat of HIV/AIDS. Planned costs of measures to counter the threat of HIV/AIDS must be based on requirements, allocation and results achieved. Systemic approach to planning requires an analysis of interrelation between costs, requirements and results. The absence of a systemic approach to coordination of costs and requirements leads to inefficient use of resources

EFFICIENCY OF SOME IMMUNOMODULATORY DRUGS FOR PREVENTION OF RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS AND THEIR COMPLICATIONS IN YOUNG SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

Abstract. We performed a study of efficiency for various immunocorrective drugs in a group of 548 young schoolchildren with recurrent respiratory infections. Frequency of respiratory infections and complication rates were taken as endpoints in this study. It was revealed, that preventive immunocorrection by bacterial lysates or glucosamine muramildipeptide combined with vitamin-mineral complexes may reduce frequency of respiratory infections and their complications at statistically significant levels, as well as to restore some abnormal parameters of immune profile, i.e., CD3, CD4, CD16, induced NBT test, IFNγ, TNFα and IgG. Preventive use of Echinaceae purpurae herbae succus or interferon alpha-2b in combination with vitaminmineral complexes statistically significantly reduces only the frequency of respiratory infections, and partially restores some deficient parameters of immune status (IgG, TNFα, CD16). Introduction of preventive immunocorrection in childhood institutions, with &gt; 90 % coverage of children with recurrent respiratory diseases is associated with a decrease in frequency of respiratory infections not only in this cohort, like as among general population of the same age group