Sheep grazing experiment with mown and unmown pasture, Chapman Research Station, 1958-1959

INVESTIGATIONS carried out several years ago at the Avondale, Chapman and * Wongan Hills Research Station showed that increased wool yields and reduced liveweight losses could be obtained by grazing sheep on pasture which had been mown at the hay stage and left in the paddock instead of allowing it to mature and dry off normally

Effect of Lacto-Ovo and Total Vegetarian Diets on Serum, Urinary and Fecal B₁₂ Levels

Serum, urinary and fecal levels of ten lacto-ovo-vegetarians and nine total vegetarians were assayed using Ochromonas malhamensis. Intakes of vitamin B12 , protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber and calories were calculated using 7-day diet histories and questionnaires. Correlations between nutrients consumed, years on diet, serum, urinary and fecal B12 levels were also calculated. Mean serum B12 levels of the lacto-ovo-vegetarians and total vegetarians were 657 pg/ml and 381 pg/ml respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups. The average daily intake of vitamin B12 was 2.0 ug for lacto-ovo-vegetarians and 0.6 ug for the total vegetarians. When nutrients were expressed as percent of calories, the total vegetarians consumed a significantly smaller percent of calories as protein, but there was no significant difference in the percent of calories consumed as fat or carbohydrate or in the percentage of required calories consumed. When nutrient intake was expressed as grams per day. the total vegetarians consumed significantly fewer grams of protein and fat and significantly more grams of fiber than the lacto-ovo-vegetarians. Beth groups consumed fewer calories than required, but the total vegetarians consumed significantly fewer calories than the lacto-ovo-vegetarians. There was no significant difference in the amount of urine excreted by the two groups, but the total vegetarians excreted a significantly greater amount of feces. This is probably a result of the greater fiber intake by the total vegetarians. There was no significant difference in the amount of B12 excreted in the feces or urine of the two groups. A positive correlation was found between the percentage of calories as protein in the diet and the level of result of an increased synthesis of the transcobalamin proteins. There in the serum. This may be a were no other significant correlations between serum B12 and dietary components, but in the lacto-ovo-vegetarians there was a positive correlation between serum B12 and fecal B12. A positive correlation was also found between serum B12 and the period of time on a total vegetarian diet; serum B12 increased as the number of years on the diet increased. This study concludes that the amount of vitamin B12 consumed by a total vegetarian can be adequate to maintain serum B12 unless the individual has extra needs (infants or the elderly). The need for dietary B12 can be met with a balanced diet containing adequate protein and B12 fortified plant foods

Centralised Design and Production of the Ultra-High Vacuum and Laser-Stabilisation Systems for the AION Ultra-Cold Strontium Laboratories

This paper outlines the centralised design and production of the Ultra-High-Vacuum sidearm and Laser-Stabilisation systems for the AION Ultra-Cold Strontium Laboratories. Commissioning data on the residual gas and steady-state pressures in the sidearm chambers, on magnetic field quality, on laser stabilisation, and on the loading rate for the 3D Magneto-Optical Trap are presented. Streamlining the design and production of the sidearm and laser stabilisation systems enabled the AION Collaboration to build and equip in parallel five state-of-the-art Ultra-Cold Strontium Laboratories within 24 months by leveraging key expertise in the collaboration. This approach could serve as a model for the development and construction of other cold atom experiments, such as atomic clock experiments and neutral atom quantum computing systems, by establishing dedicated design and production units at national laboratories.Comment: 27 pages, 21 figure

ISCHAEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY TO THE GUT FOLLOWING CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to the gut following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) gives rise to local effects including altered mucosal permeability and infarction of the gut, and remote consequences which may culminate in multiple organ failure with a potentially fatal outcome. We describe two cases of IRI to the gut following CPR in patients where diarrhoea and abdominal pain in the first, and haematemesis, rectal bleeding and peritonitis in the second patient were the presenting features. The relevant aspects of pathophysiology and management are summarised. IRI to the gut, defined as tissue damage occurring as a direct consequence of revascularisation, results from intestinal hypoperfusion due to cardiogenic, septic, or haemorrhagic shock, the use of vasoactive drugs, supra-coeliac aortic cross-clamping, construction of free intestinal grafts, or a mesenteric embolic event. We describe two cases of IRI to the gut following CPR and summarise the relevant aspects of its pathophysiology and management. Key Words: Ischaemia-reperfusion injury, gut, cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Sheep grazing experiment with mown and unmown pasture, Chapman Research Station, 1958-1959

INVESTIGATIONS carried out several years ago at the Avondale, Chapman and * Wongan Hills Research Station showed that increased wool yields and reduced liveweight losses could be obtained by grazing sheep on pasture which had been mown at the hay stage and left in the paddock instead of allowing it to mature and dry off normally

Effects of acidosis on leptin secretion from 3T3-L1 adipocytes and on serum leptin in the uraemic rat.

Marked hyperleptinaemia and metabolic acidosis are common findings in patients with chronic renal failure. In animal models, both leptin administration and acidosis reduce food intake. However, leptin causes loss of body fat, while acidosis induces muscle wasting. Whether a low pH and leptin production are related has not been studied. Leptin secretion was measured in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to acid or control pH for up to 96 h. In addition, serum leptin was compared between acidotic and bicarbonate-treated uraemic Wistar rats using the remnant model. Leptin levels in the culture medium were decreased at an acid pH of 7.1 compared with a control pH of 7.5 at 96 h (562+/-78 and 831+/-103 pg.48 h(-1). well(-1) respectively; mean+/-S.E.M.; P=0.037). Similarly, serum leptin in uraemic rats was found to be lower in the acidotic group than in the bicarbonate-treated group, although this observation fell just short of statistical significance (1273+/-171 compared with 2059+/-376 pg/ml; P=0.07). In conclusion, acidosis decreases leptin secretion from cultured adipocytes. Accordingly, acidotic uraemic rats seem to exhibit lower serum leptin levels than their bicarbonate-supplemented counterparts. This study is the first report providing a link between acidosis and leptin levels