Military deployment, masculinity and trauma : reviewing the connections

This article reviews the literature on deployment trauma and examines the limitations of conventional understandings of trauma as they relate to veterans’ experiences. It suggests that the failure to take into account social influences and social relationships limits the usefulness of conventional approaches to trauma. The article considers the role that masculinity plays in male veterans’ experience of and sense making about trauma. It is suggested that while formal recognition of posttraumatic stress disorder in the DSM has provided a helpful language for veterans, it is an incomplete response. A new model of masculinity that better enables the male veteran to speak about trauma and to reconnect with others has implications for counselling practice with veterans

The challenges of detecting and attributing ocean acidification impacts on marine ecosystems

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Doo, S. S., Kealoha, A., Andersson, A., Cohen, A. L., Hicks, T. L., Johnson, Z., I., Long, M. H., McElhany, P., Mollica, N., Shamberger, K. E. F., Silbiger, N. J., Takeshita, Y., & Busch, D. S. The challenges of detecting and attributing ocean acidification impacts on marine ecosystems. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 77(7-8), (2020): 2411-2422, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa094.A substantial body of research now exists demonstrating sensitivities of marine organisms to ocean acidification (OA) in laboratory settings. However, corresponding in situ observations of marine species or ecosystem changes that can be unequivocally attributed to anthropogenic OA are limited. Challenges remain in detecting and attributing OA effects in nature, in part because multiple environmental changes are co-occurring with OA, all of which have the potential to influence marine ecosystem responses. Furthermore, the change in ocean pH since the industrial revolution is small relative to the natural variability within many systems, making it difficult to detect, and in some cases, has yet to cross physiological thresholds. The small number of studies that clearly document OA impacts in nature cannot be interpreted as a lack of larger-scale attributable impacts at the present time or in the future but highlights the need for innovative research approaches and analyses. We summarize the general findings in four relatively well-studied marine groups (seagrasses, pteropods, oysters, and coral reefs) and integrate overarching themes to highlight the challenges involved in detecting and attributing the effects of OA in natural environments. We then discuss four potential strategies to better evaluate and attribute OA impacts on species and ecosystems. First, we highlight the need for work quantifying the anthropogenic input of CO2 in coastal and open-ocean waters to understand how this increase in CO2 interacts with other physical and chemical factors to drive organismal conditions. Second, understanding OA-induced changes in population-level demography, potentially increased sensitivities in certain life stages, and how these effects scale to ecosystem-level processes (e.g. community metabolism) will improve our ability to attribute impacts to OA among co-varying parameters. Third, there is a great need to understand the potential modulation of OA impacts through the interplay of ecology and evolution (eco–evo dynamics). Lastly, further research efforts designed to detect, quantify, and project the effects of OA on marine organisms and ecosystems utilizing a comparative approach with long-term data sets will also provide critical information for informing the management of marine ecosystems.SSD was funded by NSF OCE (grant # 1415268). DSB and PM were supported by the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program and Northwest Fisheries Science Center, MHL was supported by NSF OCE (grant # 1633951), ZIJ was supported by NSF OCE (grant # 1416665) and DOE EERE (grant #DE-EE008518), NJS was supported by NSF OCE (grant # 1924281), ALC was supported by NSF OCE (grant # 1737311), and AA was supported by NSF OCE (grant # 1416518). KEFS, AK, and TLH were supported by Texas A&M University. This is CSUN Marine Biology contribution (# 306)

Defining Quality Indicators for Breast Device Surgery: Using Registries for Global Benchmarking

Background: Breast device registries monitor devices encompassing breast implants, tissue expanders and dermal matrices, and the quality of care and patient outcomes for breast device surgery. Defining a standard set of quality indicators and risk adjustment factors will enable consistency and adjustment for case-mix in benchmarking quality of care across breast implant registries. This study aimed to develop a set of quality indicators to enable assessment and reporting of quality of care for breast device surgery which can be applied globally. Methods: A scoping literature review was undertaken, and potential quality indicators were identified. Consensus on the final list of quality indicators was obtained using a modified Delphi approach. This process involved a series of online surveys, and teleconferences over 6 months. The Delphi panel included participants from various countries and representation from surgical specialty groups including breast and general surgeons, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, cosmetic surgeons, a breast-care nurse, a consumer, a devices regulator (Therapeutic Goods Administration), and a biostatistician. A total of 12 candidate indicators were proposed: Intraoperative antibiotic wash, intraoperative antiseptic wash, preoperative antibiotics, nipple shields, surgical plane, volume of implant, funnels, immediate versus delayed reconstruction, time to revision, reoperation due to complications, patient satisfaction, and volume of activity. Results: Three of the 12 proposed indicators were endorsed by the panel: preoperative intravenous antibiotics, reoperation due to complication, and patient reported outcome measures. Conclusion: The 3 endorsed quality indicator measures will enable breast device registries to standardize benchmarking of care internationally for patients undergoing breast device surgery

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Ply-Level Failure Analysis of Thick-Section Composite Structures Based on "Smeared" Finite Element Results

Conventional failure criteria for laminated composite materials require stresses and strains at the ply level. However, finite element analysis of practical thick-section composite structures is often based on equivalent homogeneous ("smeared" or effective) material models, which predict only laminate-averaged stresses and strains. This paper describes a post-processor to the ABAQUS general-purpose finite element code that performs ply-level failure analysis of a thick-section laminated composite structure given the results of a smeared ABAQUS analysis. The program, called ABAFAIL, provides ABAQUS users with an automated tool for composite first-ply failure analysis and produces thorough results that are easily interpreted. The ply-level stresses and strains required for failure analysis are extracted from the effective quantities at each node in the finite element model via a 3-D lamination theory. The failure criteria currently incorporated in ABAFAIL are Maximum Stress, Maximum Strain, Tsai-Hill, Tsai-Wu, and a modified version of Hashin's theory; other criteria can be easily added. Printed output includes failure indices and extrapolated failure loads. In addition, files may be obtained which are suitable for PATRAN visualization of failure index data. </jats:p

Chapter 20: Contributions to MD Anderson

Dr. Cox talks about his contributions to MD Anderson: he spurred clinical research and therefore contributed to the care of patients. Administratively he believes he helped foster collegiality across departments and division, making faculty comfortable with multi-disciplinary work styles. Dr. Cox recalls that Gilbert Fletcher set a very high standard for radiation oncology at MD Anderson. Dr. Cox says that he has contributed to maintaining that stature, one that differs from any other cancer center in the world.https://openworks.mdanderson.org/mchv_interviewchapters/1799/thumbnail.jp

Chapter 19: The MD Anderson Presidents

Dr. Cox begins with observations about Charles LeMaistre, who recruited him to serve as Vice President of Patient Care, “a good title, bad job,” as he says. Cr. Cox explains that he and Dr. LeMaistre had very different orientations toward MD Anderson administration. Dr. LeMaistre was interested in issues related to the UT System, Dr. Cox says, then explains why he believes that Dr. LeMaistre didn’t fully understand what was going on at the institution. Dr. Cox says that during Dr. LeMaistre’s tenure, the institution was on the verge of greatness, but couldn’t take the next step because many faculty were “living in silos.” Dr. Cox next talks about John Mendelsohn, who was very aware of what was going on in the institution (at least during the first years). He then turns to Ronald DePinho, whom he admires for his grand aims and desire to change the institution in a major way. He offers his view of the Moon Shots Program, which he sees advancing team science, though he has no expectation that is will eliminate the cancers at which the various sub-programs are aimed.https://openworks.mdanderson.org/mchv_interviewchapters/1798/thumbnail.jp