57 research outputs found

    A window into fungal endophytism in Salicornia europaea: deciphering fungal characteristics as plant growth promoting agents

    Get PDF
    Aim Plant-endophytic associations exist only when equilibrium is maintained between both partners. This study analyses the properties of endophytic fungi inhabiting a halophyte growing in high soil salinity and tests whether these fungi are beneficial or detrimental when non-host plants are inoculated. Method Fungi were isolated from Salicornia europaea collected from two sites differing in salinization history (anthropogenic and naturally saline) and analyzed for plant growth promoting abilities and non-host plant interactions. Results Most isolated fungi belonged to Ascomycota (96%) including dematiaceous fungi and commonly known plant pathogens and saprobes. The strains were metabolically active for siderophores, polyamines and indole-3-acetic acid (mainly Aureobasidium sp.) with very low activity for phosphatases. Many showed proteolytic, lipolytic, chitinolytic, cellulolytic and amylolytic activities but low pectolytic activity. Different activities between similar fungal species found in both sites were particularly seen for Epiccocum sp., Arthrinium sp. and Trichoderma sp. Inoculating the non-host Lolium perenne with selected fungi increased plant growth, mainly in the symbiont (Epichloë)-free variety. Arthrinium gamsii CR1-9 and Stereum gausapatum ISK3-11 were most effective for plant growth promotion. Conclusions This research suggests that host lifestyle and soil characteristics have a strong effect on endophytic fungi, and environmental stress could disturb the plant-fungi relations. In favourable conditions, these fungi may be effective in facilitating crop production in non-cultivable saline lands

    ESR Spectra of Gamma Irradiated Chloramine- T & Chloramine-B

    Get PDF
    673-67

    Ethnic inequality and the ethnification of political parties: Evidence from India

    No full text
    Abstract Why does group identity, such as ethnicity, become a salient element of electoral politics in some political systems but not others? We argue that inequality between groups plays an important role in answering this question: systems with the highest levels of group-based inequality should be the ones where identity is most salient to electoral competition. We test the argument using data from across the Indian states, finding that state-level party system ethnification is strongly correlated with economic inequality between groups in the states. We also find that when income differences between groups increase, the groups tend to support different parties. Thus, the analysis reveals a strong class component of identity politics in India, and it underlines the importance of disentangling the effect of group identity from that of economic well-being when studying identity politics
    corecore