Diagnosis and clinical management of teeth with vertical root fractures: a literature review

The diagnosis of vertical root fracture (VRF) is at times complicated for lack of specific signs, symptoms and/or radiographic features. It constitutes an important threat to the tooth’s prognosis during and after root canal therapy and may result in root or tooth extraction. Early detection and management of VRF remain a vexing issue that has caused needless stress for both the dentist and the patient. This paper presents an overview of the prevalence and multifactorial aetiology of VRF, the clinical and radiographic features of this disorder, the importance of correct diagnosis and treatment options available for both anterior and posterior teeth. An exhaustive review of literature was done using Medline to bring out various etiologic factors, clinical presentations, radiographic features and treatment alternatives available for VRF. There are, however, many specific clinical and radiological signs which when present, can alert clinicians to the existence of a fracture. Even though VRF are commoner in endodontically treated teeth, its occurrence in non-restored teeth has been described. Clinical signs and symptoms vary according to the position of the fracture, tooth type, duration after fracture, periodontal condition of the tooth and architecture of the bone adjacent to the fracture. The radiographic appearance of teeth with VRF is variable depending on the angulation of X-ray beam in relation to the plane of the fracture, the time after fracture and the degree of separation of the root fragments. It is important to recognize the sometimes subtle findings in VRF so that patient can be properly informed about the prognosis and the potential for successful treatment in affected tooth\teeth

Cybercrime and Digital Forensics: Bridging the gap in Legislation, Investigation and Prosecution of Cybercrime in Nigeria

The advancement of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) opens new avenues and ways for cybercriminals to commit crime. The primary goal of this paper is to raise awareness regarding gaps that exist with regards to Nigeria’s capabilities to adequately legislate, investigate and prosecute cases of cybercrimes. The major source of cybercrime legislation in Nigeria is an act of the National Assembly which is majorly a symbolic legislation rather than a full and active legislation. In perusing these avenues of inquiry, the authors seek to identify systemic impediments which hinder law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, and investigators from properly carrying out their duties as expected

Influence of pre-bloom sprays of benzyladenine on in vitro recovery of hybrid embryos from crosses of Thompson Seedless and 8 seeded varieties of grape (Vitis spp.)

The present investigations are part of a study to introgress downy mildew resistance in Thompson Seedless through breeding and in ovulo embryo rescue methods. The influence of sprays of benzyladenine (BA) at prebloom and bloom on the percentage of embryo recovery, germination and development of hybrid plants is described. BA gave mixed results among the 8 cross combinations. With some crosses, BA drastically improved these parameters. In almost all crosses, germination increased significantly with BA sprays. The influence on plant development and recovery depended on BA treatment and the male parent

Magnetized Anisotropic Dark Energy Models in Barber's Second Self-Creation Theory

The present paper deals with Bianchi type IX cosmological model with magnetized anisotropic dark energy by using Barber's selfcreation theory. The energy momentum tensor consists of anisotropic fluid with EoS parameter and a uniform magnetic field of energy density . In order to obtain the exact solution we have assumed that dark energy components and the components of magnetic field interact minimally and obey the law of conservation of energy momentum tensors. We have also used the special law of variation for the mean generalized Hubble parameter and power law relation between scalar field and scale factor. Some physical and kinematical properties of the models have been discussed

Magnetized Anisotropic Dark Energy Models in Barber’s Second Self-Creation Theory

The present paper deals with Bianchi type IX cosmological model with magnetized anisotropic dark energy by using Barber’s self-creation theory. The energy momentum tensor consists of anisotropic fluid with EoS parameter ω and a uniform magnetic field of energy density ρB. In order to obtain the exact solution we have assumed that dark energy components and the components of magnetic field interact minimally and obey the law of conservation of energy momentum tensors. We have also used the special law of variation for the mean generalized Hubble parameter and power law relation between scalar field and scale factor. Some physical and kinematical properties of the models have been discussed

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Pattern of Iatrogenic Damage to Approximal Tooth Surface during Class II Cavity Preparation in a Clinically Simulated Environment

Background/Aim: Iatrogenic tooth damage is a well recognized and longstanding problem that appears to have refused to disappear from restorative clinical practice. This study was designed to determine the pattern of distribution of iatrogenic tooth surface damage caused by a cross section of dental students and residents during Class II cavity preparation in a clinical simulated environment.Methods: Residents rotating through the Department of Restorative Dentistry and randomly selected 1st year and final year dental undergraduates were told to prepare either mesio-occlusal or disto-occlusal Class II cavity on pre-selected normal upper plastic posterior tooth mounted on phantom head after obtaining inform consent. The type of preparation that is selected is based on the adjacent tooth surface that is intact. At the end, the location of the damage and the type (Groove; indentation; Scratches; Extensive) as described by Medeiros and Seddon (2000) was evaluated under a magnifying lens. Summary statistics was generated.Results: The frequency of iatrogenic tooth damage was 100% and “indentation” was the commonest pattern, followed by grooves. More damages occurred in the cervical area. Extensive damage formed 19.0% of the total damages and this type of damage was found more adjacent to MO cavity (25.0%) compare to DO (15.4%) but there was no difference between the extensive damage that occurred on the right and left sides.Conclusion: The frequency of iatrogenic tooth damage was 100% and indentation was the commonest pattern. Extensive type of damage was found more adjacent to MO cavity.Keywords: Iatrogenic tooth damage, approximal tooth surface, Class II cavit