Effects of behavioral inhibition/activation systems on anger rumination and anger expression through Difficulty in Emotion Regulation

Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems (BIS/BAS) are consistently associated with internalizing and externalizing disorders, respectively. Anger rumination is thought to be linked to internalizing disorders while anger expression demonstrates an association with externalizing disorders. Despite these theoretical associations, there is a dearth of studies examining the relationships between these constructs. The current cross-sectional study aimed to test indirect effects of BIS/BAS through a Difficulty in Emotion Regulation (DER) on anger in a group of college students (n = 211). Analysis showed a positive relationship between BIS and anger rumination and between BAS and anger expression. Further analysis showed an indirect effect of BIS on anger rumination through DER. Although BAS had direct effect on anger expression, our analysis found no indirect effect of BAS on anger expression. Potential limitations and directions for future research are discussed

Australian Tax Changes and Dividend Reinvestment Announcement Effects: A Pre- and Post-Imputation Study

This paper used an event study approach to examine the impact of dividend reinvestment plans on shareholders returns in the pre- and post-imputation environment. The daily share return behaviour indicated that the announcement to introduce DRP was received indifferntly by the market prior to the imputation, but was valued positively afterwards. The results support the suggestion that under imputation the optimal dividend policy is to distribute the maximum franked dividend and implement a DRP to retain cashflows.

VALUING COUNTER-CYCLICAL PAYMENTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRODUCER RISK MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

USDA’s current method for estimating expected counter-cyclical payment rates produces unintentionally biased estimates because it does not consider the variability of marketing year prices. Estimates with positive bias increase the risk of overpayment to producers who accept advance payments. According to statute, producers must reimburse the Government for any overpayments, which can lead to cash-flow problems. A model developed for this analysis improved upon the USDA method of estimating counter-cyclical payment rates by accounting for the variability in market price forecast errors. This enhanced method produced unbiased estimates. Forecasters and producers can also use the model to calculate the probabilities of repayment. Producers can use call options on commodity futures contracts to hedge against losses in expected counter-cyclical payments. Hedging, however, is only moderately effective and varies by commodity

VALUING COUNTER-CYCLICAL PAYMENTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRODUCER RISK MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

USDA’s current method for estimating expected counter-cyclical payment rates produces unintentionally biased estimates because it does not consider the variability of marketing year prices. Estimates with positive bias increase the risk of overpayment to producers who accept advance payments. According to statute, producers must reimburse the Government for any overpayments, which can lead to cash-flow problems. A model developed for this analysis improved upon the USDA method of estimating counter-cyclical payment rates by accounting for the variability in market price forecast errors. This enhanced method produced unbiased estimates. Forecasters and producers can also use the model to calculate the probabilities of repayment. Producers can use call options on commodity futures contracts to hedge against losses in expected counter-cyclical payments. Hedging, however, is only moderately effective and varies by commodity.2002 Farm Act, farm and commodity policy, counter-cyclical payments, risk management, price uncertainty, Agricultural and Food Policy, Risk and Uncertainty,

Cotas tarifárias e o impacto sobre as exportações agrícolas brasileiras na União Européia

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de cotas tarifárias adicionais para as exportações brasileiras de produtos agrícolas, com base na proposta européia de maio de 2004 no âmbito das negociações para um acordo de livre-comércio Mercosul- União Européia. A análise teórica do funcionamento dos três instrumentos da cota tarifária (seu volume e as tarifas intra e extracota) revela que, dependendo da demanda, apenas um deles efetivamente restringe as importações. Assim, a oferta de cotas adicionais não implica necessariamente um aumento equivalente na quantidade exportada. Na estimativa de ganho de receita deve ser considerada também a variação na renda da cota. Além disso, a administração da cota terá um papel crucial na alocação dessa renda. Caso seja o Mercosul a fazê-la, as estimativas indicam um aumento de US$728 milhões na receita de divisas, bastante próximo do valor da cota total oferecida a preços correntes, sendo US$ 252 milhões resultantes da apropriação das rendas das cotas e US$476 milhões do incremento nas exportações. Se o controle das cotas for realizado pela União Européia, o ganho do Brasil decorrerá exclusivamente do aumento das exportações, atingindo apenas 63,7$ 728 million in exports, of which US$525 million result from the appropriation of the quota rents and US$ 476 million from exports. The sum of both is indeed close to the value of the additional quotas at current prices. If the administration goes to the EU, the gains will derive exclusively from the expansion in exports, which corresponds to 63.7% to the value of the quota

Intégrer l'agriculture au GATT. Réformer les quotas tarifaires dans l'accord sur l'agriculture de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce

UMR Inra-AgroParisTech Economie publique Cote PUBLI 2001 13Cet ouvrage, sur commande de l'International agricultural trade research consortium, examine les échanges agricoles internationaux sous régime de quotas tarifaires. Ces quotas ont été rendus nécessaires pour répondre aux engagements d'accès minimum et d'accès courants de l'accord du Cycle de l'Uruguay. Leur effet sur les échanges est cependant mal connu et ils sont assez peu transparents. Cet ouvrage décrit ces quotas, leurs régimes d'administration et les obstacles qu'ils soulèvent dans les négociations commerciales internationales

Intégrer l'agriculture au GATT. Réformer les quotas tarifaires dans l'accord sur l'agriculture de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce

UMR Inra-AgroParisTech Economie publique Cote PUBLI 2001 13Cet ouvrage, sur commande de l'International agricultural trade research consortium, examine les échanges agricoles internationaux sous régime de quotas tarifaires. Ces quotas ont été rendus nécessaires pour répondre aux engagements d'accès minimum et d'accès courants de l'accord du Cycle de l'Uruguay. Leur effet sur les échanges est cependant mal connu et ils sont assez peu transparents. Cet ouvrage décrit ces quotas, leurs régimes d'administration et les obstacles qu'ils soulèvent dans les négociations commerciales internationales