Genome-Wide Mycobacterium tuberculosis Variation (GMTV) Database: A New Tool for Integrating Sequence Variations and Epidemiology

Background Tuberculosis (TB) poses a worldwide threat due to advancing multidrug-resistant strains and deadly co-infections with Human immunodeficiency virus. Today large amounts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole genome sequencing data are being assessed broadly and yet there exists no comprehensive online resource that connects M. tuberculosis genome variants with geographic origin, with drug resistance or with clinical outcome. Description Here we describe a broadly inclusive unifying Genome-wide Mycobacterium tuberculosis Variation (GMTV) database, (http://mtb.dobzhanskycenter.org) that catalogues genome variations of M. tuberculosis strains collected across Russia. GMTV contains a broad spectrum of data derived from different sources and related to M. tuberculosis molecular biology, epidemiology, TB clinical outcome, year and place of isolation, drug resistance profiles and displays the variants across the genome using a dedicated genome browser. GMTV database, which includes 1084 genomes and over 69,000 SNP or Indel variants, can be queried about M. tuberculosis genome variation and putative associations with drug resistance, geographical origin, and clinical stages and outcomes. Conclusions Implementation of GMTV tracks the pattern of changes of M. tuberculosis strains in different geographical areas, facilitates disease gene discoveries associated with drug resistance or different clinical sequelae, and automates comparative genomic analyses among M. tuberculosis strains

Analysis of long-term results of surgical treatment of patients with a closed fracture of the patella using a new method

The purpose of the study was to analyze the long-term results of surgical treatment of patients with a patella fracture, in the treatment of which a new method of osteosynthesis was applied.Materials and methods. The long-term results of surgical treatment of 18 patients with a closed patella fracture were analyzed, the functional state of the knee joint was assessed after 12 months from the operation using clinical and radiological methods. A clinical example of a patient with a traumatic closed fracture of the patella is given, illustrating the surgical treatment of this patient. The results of treatment are presented.Results. The data obtained indicate the effectiveness and biomechanical validity of the patented method. The prospects for further research are outlined

Novel classification of Achilles tendon ruptures

In the literature, the treatment of patients with Achilles tendon ruptures begins with diagnosis and diagnosis. Depending on the classification of Achilles tendon rupture, treatment tactics are determined. From our point of view, the existing classification of Achilles tendon ruptures does not sufficiently reflect and systematize the approach to surgical treatment, which served as a more detailed study and addition to the existing classification of Achilles tendon ruptures

Medium-term results of application of a new method of osteosynthesis in a patient with comparated fracture of the patella (clinical example)

In the structure of injuries among patients with fractures of the patella, patients of working age prevail, placing high demands on the functional results of surgical treatment and terms of recovery. Given the low incidence of this pathology in the structure of all injuries of the musculoskeletal system, the authors are of the opinion that patients with patella fractures should receive specialized care that meets the requirements for certain types of fractures in trauma hospitals of any level. The described clinical example describes the medium-term results of treating a patient using a patented method of osteosynthesis of the patella that meets both the requirements of patients and the basic principles of osteosynthesis of intra-articular fractures. The data provided is characterized as good, the use of the patented method is regarded as expedient

The result of operative treatment of an adolescent patient with chronic lateral ankle instability (clinical example)

Chronic lateral ankle instability is an extremely common disease in the active working population. Unfortunately, the study of this pathology in children and adolescents receives very little attention in the modern literature, although they also suffer from manifestations of ankle instability. We present a clinical example of surgical treatment of a 15-year-old patient suffering from chronic lateral ankle instability. The result of treatment after one year of observation was regarded as excellent. The symptoms of the disease were stopped, the patient has no restrictions in household activities and returned to the level of motor activity that was before the injury

ANALYSIS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SUBCUTANEOUS RUPTURES OF ACHILLES TENDON (LITERATURE REVIEW)

In our opinion, the treatment of patients with subcutaneous ruptures of the Achilles tendon is poorly covered in special literature, and in many cases the information is biased. These preconditions are the cause of the lack of awareness of surgeons, traumatologists, orthopaedic surgeons, rehabilitation therapists about the real complexity of treatment of this category of patients. In this context, this paper focuses on the literature review of recent works on surgical treatment of patients with subcutaneous Achilles tendon rupture, summarizing the data of foreign and Russian researchers

NEW APPROACH TO SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME

Aim - to improve the results of treatment of patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in bone fractures of the lower extremities by applying a new integrated approach. Methods. A new approach to solving the problem of complex regional pain syndrome in fractures of lower limb bones is proposed, including the use of modern minimally invasive methods for surgical treatment of fractures of the lower limb bones, such as blocked osteosynthesis, Fixion technology, use of angular stability plates, metal structures for osteosynthesis of the proximal femur. All these measures help to minimize the negative effect that is produced on the bone by such factors as prolonged immobilization and absence of early movements of the joints, which will make it possible to perform CRPS prophylaxis in bone fractures of the lower limbs more effectively. If it is not possible to prevent the development of CRPS, then it is necessary to administer complex therapy, including psychoemotional correction, adherence to the regime, proper immobilization, rehabilitation exercises, physiotherapy, medical treatment, hyperbaric oxygenation, and gravitational therapy. Results. Clinical tests, radiography, densitometry, method of statistical analysis and mathematical modeling with elements of evidencebased medicine objectively confirmed the activation of the restorative processes in altered tissues of the lower limbs due to the use of the new complex. Conclusion. The analysis of the obtained data of clinical and functional methods of research has proved that the total value of positive results is 80%

Current trends in the development of long tubular bones osteosynthesis

We reviewed scientific literature on the problem of osteosynthesis of long tubular human bones, published during the last 10 years. The Scopus, Web of Scince, Pubmed, RSCI databases were searched for the articles reporting the results of clinical studies and biomechanical experiments using plate osteosynthesis. The advantages and disadvantages of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for different segments have been revealed. The articles reported a lower probability of displacement development in minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in comparison with intramedullary osteosynthesis, good biological conditions for fracture healing, decreased rate of complications of postoperative wounds due to reduced incisions. In the concept of biological osteosynthesis, the advantage of axial dynamization and fracture micro-mobility over absolute rigidity was noted. The study also revealed the influence of the parameters of a plate and osteosynthesis technique on the rigidity of the plate-bone system, such as: the working length of the plate, the number of screws on the plate, types of screws (cortical or locking), the plate material and its profile. The bone osteosynthesis seemed to have new directions of evolution. These include far cortical locking screws allowing micromobility under the plate, providing a "controlled dynamization". An experimental technology of Active Locking Plates has been reported, where the screws with angular stability are locked in holes on elastic sliding elements providing micromobility of the screw relative to the plate. In general, all the visible results differed in various studies and, sometimes, contradicted each other

APPROACH TO PROXIMAL FEMUR FRACTURES TREATMENT

Aim - to describe the approach to proximal femur fractures treatment in geriatric (elderly and senile) group of patients. Materials and methods. The article presents the analysis of 16 years’ experience of using both classic and author’s technologies according to the developed classification of patient’s functional state. Conclusion. The decision on therapeutic approach for geriatric patients was optimized

Подход к оценке эффективности человеко-машинного взаимодействия в современных графических оболочках

A system to test multi-window interface efficiency is proposed targeted at evaluating interaction changes introduced in contemporary GUI shells. System includes heart rate monitor and EEG scanner. Set of evaluated parameters, registered by the developed software while providing user with typical tasks to execute, includes speed of execution, error tolerance and intensity of the operator’s work