Design of a VDF/TrFE Copolymer-on-silicon pyroelectric sensor

This paper presents a design of a VDF/TrFE copolymer-on-silicon pyroelectric sensor. For an optimal design of a VDF/TrFE-on-silicon pyroelectric sensor, the one-dimensional diffusion equation is solved for the pyroelectric multilayer structure. The output current of the sensor is calculated. Improvement of the sensor can be obtained by: (a) etching the silicon substrate under the sensor element, and (b) an additional VDF/TrFE copolymer layer as thermal isolation. Different noise sources for a pyroelectric sensor have been calculated. The dielectric noise dominates the noise sources. This conclusion has been verified by measured value

An integrated charge amplifier for a pyroelectric sensor

This paper presents an integrated charge amplifier that measures a small charge. This charge is generated by a pyroelectric detector. The charge amplifier consists of a single-stage c-annon source configuration with a passive feedback network. The charge amplifier has a bandwidth of 700 kHz and an output noise voltage of 20 nV Hz 1/2 at 1 kHz. A 2×2 integrated pyroelectric sensor based on VDF/TrFE copolymer has been realized. The voltage response of this sensor-amplifier is reported

Poling of VDF/TrFe copolymers using a step-wise method

A new poling technique is presented, in which a series of five consecutive pulses of electric field, and with successively increasing strength is applied between the two electrodes of 65/35 VDF/TrFE copolymer based sensor. Between each pulse, the applied electric field is reduced to zero (short circuit). This allows deformations and space charges to be relax, resulting in more homogeneous electric field distribution with less risk for an electric breakdown. It is conducted at room temperature and is compatible with semiconductor technology. This step-wise poling technique is characterised by a low breakdown rate and yields a high pyroelectric coefficien

Realization of an integrated VDF/TrFE copolymer-on-silicon pyroelectric sensor

An integrated pyroelectric sensor based on a vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene (VDF/TrFE) copolymer is presented. A silicon substrate that contains FET readout electronics is coated with the VDF/TrFE copolymer film using a spin-coating technique. On-chip poling of the copolymer has been applied using a step-wise poling at room temperature. The copolymer deposition and polarization are compatible with semiconductor technology. A 3×1 integrated pyroelectric sensor has been realized. Voltage sensitivity and noise of this sensor have been measured

Scientific Reasoning Ability of Prospective Student Teacher in the Excellence Program of Mathematics and Science Teacher Education in University of Mataram

The purpose of this study is to investigate the scientific reasoning ability of the prospective student teacher, and to analyze the difference in scientific reasoning ability between students in the study programs. The sample set consisted of 179 students joining the Excellence Program of Mathematics and Science Teacher Education in the Faculty of Teacher Education (FTE) in the University of Mataram. The Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (CTSR) was translated into Indonesian language and used to measure the student scientific reasoning ability. The results of this study revealed that 95.5% students had low reasoning ability and were categorized as concrete and transitional reasoner. Only few students (4.5%) reached the category of formal operational reasoner. In addition, significant differences of the students reasoning ability emerged among the third and the fifth semester students, as well as students in the four study programs

Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Peningkatan Literasi Sains Dan Implementasinya Dalam Kurikulum Sains SMP 2013

: Quality of science instruction of junior high school of Indonesia is grouped into low level pointed out by International test results of literacy science capabilities in which Indonesia students is got in the lowest posisition. The objective of this study is to develop an instruction model based on improving science literacy capabilities of junior high school students. Qualitative and quantitative method were used in this study. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively whereas and quantitative were analysed by student t test. The results show that Students' science literacy capability of experiment group is significantly higher than control. The instruction of model developed make students much more active in carrying out investigation and discussion of it's results, develop context of material with daily life situation. Also extend capability of science issues identification and phenomen of science. The instruction model can be implemented well if the function of students and teacher in the instruction as good as what instruction model needed. Teachers are suggested apllying the model due to it makes students do not only have better capability of science literacy but also develop students' scientific method, and skills, and science technology implication in society daily life situation, so can support implementation of 2013 currciulum

Sistem Manajemen Cafe dan Resto Berbasis Web dengan Framework Codeigniter dan MySQL

The café and restaurant management system is built to know the restaurant-restaurant or cafe-cafe business process by utilizing or using a smartrestaurant system. The method used in this study is the waterfall method. Research shows that utilizing a restaurant's smart application can provide convenience in transacting some of which are useful for small to mid-sized restaurant / cafe management which can be used to record waiter menus and cashiers for sales transactions. Ease in recording financial statements, income statement and accounts receivable. Time-effective and efficient transactions in the use of paper for paper (papperless); Recording of cash out and payroll employee

Studi Absorpsi Co2 Menggunakan Kolom Gelembung Berpancaran Jet (Jet Bubble Column)

A Study of CO2 Absorption Using Jet Bubble Column. The phenomenon of plunging jet gas-liquid contact occurs quite often in nature, it's momentum carries small air bubbles with it into the reactor medium. The momentum of the liquid stream can be sufficient to carry small bubbles completely to the bottom of the vessel. A stream of liquid falling toward a level surface of that liquid will pull the surrounding air along with it. It will indent the surface of the liquid to form a trumpet-like shape. If the velocity of the stream is high enough, air bubbles will be pulled down, i.e. entrained into the liquid. This happens for two main reasons: air that is trapped between the edge of the falling stream and the trumpet-shaped surface profile and is carried below the surface. This study investigates the potential of a vertical liquid plunging jet for a pollutant contained gas absorption technique. The absorber consists of liquid jet and gas bubble dispersed phase. The effects of operating variables such as liquid flowrate, nozzle diameter, separator pressure, etc. on gas entrainment and holdup were investigated. The mass transfer of the system is governed by the hydrodynamics of the system. Therefore a clear and precise understanding of the above is necessary : to characterize liquid and gas flow within the system, 2. Variation in velocity of the jet with the use of different nozzle diameters and flow rates, 3. Relationship between the liquid and entrained airflow rate, 4. Gas entrainment rate and gas void fraction