Intra-operative blood salvage and autotransfusion in the management of ruptured ectopic pregnancy: A review

(East African Medical Journal 2001 78 (9): 465-467

Interstitial cystitis coexisting with vulvar vestibulitis in a 4-year-old girl

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a disorder that is difficult to diagnose and is thought to be uncommon in children. We report the first case of IC coexisting with vulvar vestibulitis in a 4-year-old girl. She presented with urinary symptoms and pelvic and vulvar pain. Cystoscopic and histological investigation confirmed interstitial cystitis and vulvar vestibulitis. Gynecologists are often called upon to deal with symptoms referable to the genital tract. It is important to always include interstitial cystitis in the differential diagnosis of urinary symptoms associated with pelvic pain

Risk factors for placenta praevia in Southern Nigeria

Objective: To determine the risk factors for placenta praevia in Ile-Ife, southern Nigeria. Design: A prospective case control study. Setting: A tertiary center - Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, southern Nigeria. Subjects: One hundred and thirty six patients with confirmed placenta praevia constituted the cases. Controls consisted of one hundred and thirty six patients who delivered at term immediately after each indexed case and did not have placenta praevia. Results: Cases and controls were similar in terms of twin deliveries (P=0.72) and past history of uterine surgery (P=0.47). After adjusting for confounders, factors associated with risk of placenta praevia were history of retained placenta [OR=6.7(95% CI 1.2- 36.6)], previous caesarean section [OR=4.7, (95% CI 1.9-11.4)], previous abortion [OR=2.9 (95% CI 1.1-5.1)], grand multiparity [OR=2.1 (95% CI 1.6-7.1)] and age over 35 years [OR=1.4 (95% CI 1.2-6.6)]. Conclusions: From our study, the risk factors for placenta praevia are a history of retained placenta, previous caesarean section, previous abortion, grand multiparity and maternal age over 35 years. (East African Medical Journal: 2002 79(10): 536-538