Economics of different Marine Fishing Crafts in Tamil Nadu

The marine fisheries sector of India has grown from the subsistance level to that of an industry mainly through the introduction of mechanised crafts and the subsequent developments in the craft technologies. Though the overall landings have increased, a low catch per unit effort and the increased cost of fishing have left some units to run on loss. Thus it is imperative to study the economic performance of various fishing units to help in judicial allocation of resources and to suggest suitable policy prescriptions. Hence, the economics of major fishing units was studied in Ramanathapurarn District of Tamil Nadu

Polyculture of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, with Indian major carps: a case study

A study conducted in a 450 m² earthen pond to evaluate the production potential of giant freshwater prawn (stocked at 20,000 juveniles/ha) and Indian major carps, catla and rohu (stocked at 5000 juveniles/ha in 2:1 proportion) revealed that in nine months growing period, catla and rohu attained average sizes of 357 and 746 g, respectively, while prawn weighed 48.32 g. The growth of rohu was much faster than catla as indicated by higher relative and absolute weight gains. The total fish production per hectare was estimated to be 2418 kg and prawn production stood at 780 kg with excellent survival of both the fish (>98%) and prawn (>80%)

Milkfish (Chanos chanos) production and water quality in brackishwater ponds at different feeding levels and frequencies

This study evaluated the effects of different feeding levels and frequencies on milkfish (Chanos chanos) growth, feed efficiency, and water quality in brackish water ponds. Milkfish juveniles (average weight, 1 g) were stocked in 500 m2 ponds at 8000 ha-1 and reared for 132 days. Fish were fed daily after 34 days from stocking (initial average weight, 22 g) either at 3 % of body weight, 3 times daily; at 4 %, 3 or 6 times daily; or at 6 %, 6 times daily. There were no differences (α= 0.05) in production (780–960 kg ha-1), final weight (125–168 g), and survival (81–85 %) among treatments. Maximum feed ration (kg ha-1 day-1) ranged from 23.8 at the 3 % feeding level to 61.4 at 6 %. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly increased (α= 0.05) in proportion to feeding rate, while the percentage nitrogen assimilated by milkfish decreased from 41 % at low feeding rate to 21 % at high rate. Partial budgeting analysis showed that increasing the feeding rate from 3 to 4 % resulted in a positive net benefit, but further increase to 6 % had a negative benefit. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations at dawn were always higher at the lower feeding level compared to other treatments. Although there were no differences in nitrogenous nutrients and total suspended solids among treatments, pH, total ammonia-nitrogen, and phosphorus increased and DO at dawn decreased with increasing biomass and feed input. Results suggest that supplemental feeding for milkfish grown in brackish water ponds should not be more than 4 % of body weight and 38 kg feed ha-1 day-1 for maintenance of good water quality and for economical operation

Population Specific Impact of Genetic Variants in <i>KCNJ11</i> Gene to Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control and Meta-Analysis Study

<div><p>Background and Objectives</p><p>Potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11 (<i>KCNJ11</i>) gene have a key role in insulin secretion and is of substantial interest as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The current work was performed to delineate the genetic influence of <i>KCNJ11</i> polymorphisms on risk of T2D in South Indian population through case-control association study along with systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A case-control study of 400 T2D cases and controls of South Indian origin were performed to analyze the association of <i>KCNJ11</i> polymorphisms (rs5219, rs5215, rs41282930, rs1800467) and copy number variations (CNV) on the risk of T2D. In addition a systematic review and meta-analysis for <i>KCNJ11</i> rs5219 was conducted in 3,831 cases and 3,543 controls from 5 published reports from South-Asian population by searching various databases. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association strength. Cochran's Q, I² statistics were used to study heterogeneity between the eligible studies.</p><p>Results</p><p><i>KCNJ11</i> rs5215, C-G-C-C haplotype and two loci analysis (rs5219 vs rs1800467) showed a significant association with T2D but CNV analysis did not show significant variation between T2D cases and control subjects. Lower age of disease onset (P = 0.04) and higher body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.04) were associated with rs5219 TT genotype in T2D patients. The meta-analysis of <i>KCNJ11</i> rs5219 on South Asian population showed no association on susceptibility to T2D with an overall pooled OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.83–1.16. Stratification analysis showed East Asian population and global population were associated with T2D when compared to South Asians.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p><i>KCNJ11</i> rs5219 is not independently associated with T2D in South-Indian population and our meta-analysis suggests that <i>KCNJ11</i> polymorphism (rs5219) is associated with risk of T2D in East Asian population and global population but this outcome could not be replicated in South Asian sub groups.</p></div

Sensitivity analysis to evaluate the weight of individual study on pooled odds ratio.

<p>I² value of<25% indicate low heterogeneity, 25–50%moderateheterogeneity, 50–75% high heterogeneity and>75% extreme heterogeneity.</p><p>Sensitivity analysis to evaluate the weight of individual study on pooled odds ratio.</p

Meta-analysis for the studies of <i>KCNJ11</i> polymorphism (rs5219) with T2D.

<p>A. Overall pooled OR of South Asian studies. B. Overall pooled OR and ORs within subgroups (South Asian (India and Pakistan) East Asian and Global) were shown. Black squares indicate the individual OR of the studies with size of each square being proportional to the study weighting in the meta-analysis and horizontal line representing the 95% CI. The black colored diamond represents the pooled OR</p

Two loci analysis involving the genotypes of the variants rs5219 and rs1800467 of <i>KCNJ11</i> gene with type2 diabetes.

<p>Two loci analysis involving the genotypes of the variants rs5219 and rs1800467 of <i>KCNJ11</i> gene with type2 diabetes.</p

Characteristics of the studies examining the associations of <i>KCNJ11</i> gene polymorphism (rs5219) and T2D included in the meta-analysis (n = 5).

<p>Abbreviations: NS-Not specified, GWAS-Genome Wide Association Study, WHO- World Health Organization, ADA- American Diabetes Association, PCR-SSCP-Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism, TETRA-ARMS – Amplification Refractory Mutation System, n-Number.</p><p>Characteristics of the studies examining the associations of <i>KCNJ11</i> gene polymorphism (rs5219) and T2D included in the meta-analysis (n = 5).</p