Acculturation of the Dakota Indians

In this pamphlet the process of acculturation among the Dakota Indians-the change which has taken place in Dakota culture as a result of contact with the dominant Caucasian society-has been analyzed. We may conclude from this study that in general culture change was most likely to occur among the Dakotas when the new culture elements satisfied some basic or secondary drive of the people. Culture change was likewise dependent upon the manner in which the new ideas were introduced to them. If the changes were attempted through coercion, they were not so readily accepted as those made voluntarily. The policies of the traders, missionaries, government agents, and agriculturalists were investigated to determine the extent of enforced and permissive acculturation. Enforced acculturation was usually accompanied by resistance to change. The disruption of family patterns, the loss of the means of subsistence, and the social disorganization of Dakota society were the ·most evident results of the acculturation process

South Dakota Municipalities: 1986 Population Estimates

More South Dakota towns lost people during the 6 years between 1980 and 1986 than during the 1970s. During the 70s 55% (171 of 312) of towns lost population. During the following 6 years, 63.8% (197 of 309) declined in population. In spite of these losses, the total population of South Dakota municipalities grew by 3 .3% (14, 526 persons). Metropolitan cities (Sioux Falls and Rapid City) grew by 19,995, offsetting much of the losses of the 197 municipalities that lost population

History and Acculturation of the Dakota Indians

In order to fully understand and appreciate those events which led to the final submission of the American Indian to the majority white culture, it is necessary to look to the historical antecedents predating white Indian contact. The original ways of living of the American Indian are not easily understood by the modern man who believes the material progress of his generation to be the highest advancement of civilization. In all societies there is a strong tendency for the majority group to assume that its values, attitudes, and behavior are superior in all regards to the habit patterns and customs that dominate the lives of minority groups. They are suspicious of strange practices which conflict with their ideas of the appropriate and correct ways of living. If they exhibit some curiosity about the customs of the minority, they are usually anxious to learn of them for the purpose of making an invidious comparison with their practices. It is the unusual person who is able to suppress his own prejudices and view clearly the ways of minorities through the value system of the minority group rather than through his own pattern of beliefs. Often one hears that such behavior as alcoholism, sexual promiscuity, unemployment, suicide, etc., when exhibited by Indians, is but a carry-over from the old culture which was typified by such characteristics. Nothing could be further from the truth. The traditional cultures of the American Indian possessed many of the same values and virtues upheld by the protestant ethic. Such deviant behavior must be seen as a result of an acculturation process which denied the American Indian the right to retain those institutions of family, religion, and economics which served to uphold his traditional values. Such behavioral patterns as reflected in high rates of alcoholism, suicide, and unemployment are fairly recent phenomena in the life of Indian people. Through a better understanding of the lasting traditional culture of one group of American Indians, the Dakota, it is hoped that such misconceptions of cause and effect may be alleviated

The literature of low g propellant behavior

Annotated bibliography on low-g liquid propellant behavio

Peer Evaluations Do Not Improve TA Self-Efficacy Over Self-Reflection

Graduate teaching assistants (TAs) receive little to no formal training in pedagogy before entering the classroom. Such deficiencies may contribute to increase anxiety and poor self-efficacy for TAs, potentially hindering opportunities to train future faculty. We tested the effects of a previously established, low investment, method of TA training through making and receiving peer-evaluations on TA self-efficacy compared to performing self-assessments and reflection of teaching experiences in three introductory biology courses at a large, Mid-western university. While peer-evaluations did not affect quantitative measures of self-efficacy, we did observe greater increases in self-efficacy among TAs with more experience. We suggest that future studies on the effects of peer-evaluations may be most effective when conducted by experienced TAs

Population Update, Report Number 9: South Dakota Population: Age and Sex Structure, 1970-1980

This bulletin is a response to the numerous requests for an up-date on information for the age and sex composition of South Dakota\u27s population. As local leaders and citizens grapple with the complex problems facing their communities today they need to know more than the total number of people in their area. They need to know the number of males and females in each age group. A knowledge of the age-sex composition of the population and how it is changing is essential to deal effectively with the complex issue of taxation, school enrollment, pollution, health, welfare and medical services. It is precisely with these needs in mind that the authors designed the present bulletin -- its main purpose being to make age and sex composition information on South Dakota\u27s population available in a readily useable form

South Dakota Sex and Age Structure, 1980-1990

Age and sex structure of a population plays a critical role in determining the needs and lifestyle of that population. One community, for example, may have a high number of children and youth, a sure indicator of need for teachers and schools; another community may have a high proportion of elderly, indicating a greater need for medical services. People of different ages or gender also may have different consumer preferences. When business leaders and community leaders know the age and sex structure of their community, they can use that information to help direct resources toward meeting particular needs in education, housing, recreation, and medical and social services. Although no two communities are likely to have identical age and sex structures, there are general patterns that are helpful for identifying potential population needs. Population pyramids and indices are useful for illustrating these patterns

South Dakota Population, Housing and Farm Census Facts

Every day, school board officials, county agents, legislators, mayors, teachers, business men and women, and other community leaders make decisions that need to be based on reliable, up-to-date information. This report, an update of an earlier publication, provides social indicators- facts and trends which describe the social landscape-for each county in South Dakota

Enhancing Nanoparticle Accumulation and Retention in Desmoplastic Tumors via Vascular Disruption for Internal Radiation Therapy

Aggressive, desmoplastic tumors are notoriously difficult to treat because of their extensive stroma, high interstitial pressure, and resistant tumor microenvironment. We have developed a combination therapy that can significantly slow the growth of large, stroma-rich tumors by causing massive apoptosis in the tumor center while simultaneously increasing nanoparticle uptake through a treatment-induced increase in the accumulation and retention of nanoparticles in the tumor. The vascular disrupting agent Combretastatin A-4 Phosphate (CA4P) is able to increase the accumulation of radiation-containing nanoparticles for internal radiation therapy, and the retention of these delivered radioisotopes is maintained over several days. We use ultrasound to measure the effect of CA4P in live tumor-bearing mice, and we encapsulate the radio-theranostic isotope 177Lutetium as a therapeutic agent as well as a means to measure nanoparticle accumulation and retention in the tumor. This combination therapy induces prolonged apoptosis in the tumor, decreasing both the fibroblast and total cell density and allowing further tumor growth inhibition using a cisplatin-containing nanoparticle