On The Synchrotron Self-Compton Emission from Relativistic Shocks and Its Implications for Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

We consider the effects of inverse Compton scattering of synchrotron photons from relativistic electrons in GRB afterglows. We compute the spectrum of the inverse Compton emission and find that it can dominate the total cooling rate of the afterglow for several months or even years after the initial explosion. We demonstrate that the presence of strong inverse Compton cooling can be deduced from the effect it has on the time-evolution of the cooling break in the synchrotron spectral component, and therefore on the optical and X-ray afterglow lightcurves. We then show how the physical interpretation of the observed characteristics of the synchrotron spectrum must be modified to take into consideration this extra source of cooling, and give a revised prescription for computing physical parameters characterizing the expanding shock wave from the observed quantities. We find that for a given set of observables (synchrotron break frequencies and fluxes) there is either no consistent physical interpretation or two of them. Finally we discuss the prospects of directly detecting the inverse Compton emission with Chandra. We argue that such a detection is possible for GRBs exploding in a reasonably dense (n>1 cm^-3) medium.Comment: 21 pages, ApJ submitte

Manajemen Kurikulum 2013 oleh Kepala Sekolah

The general purpose of the research was to describe curriculum 2013 management by principle in public Senior High School Number 1 Seluma Regency. The results of the researchwas: (1) planning of curriculum 2013 by principle was done well. (2) organizing the implementation of curriculum 2013 by the principle senior teacher who understand more about curriculum 2013. (3) principle role in succesing the implementation of curriculum 2013 was very vital, he was always held a supervision to his teachers, monitoring and evaluating the progress. (4)the principle in solved the problems faced in implementing curriculum 2013 was downloaded teachers guide and student guide book trought internet and coordinating with vice headmaster and curriculum development team

Eccentricity Evolution for Planets in Gaseous Disks

We investigate the hypothesis that interactions between a giant planet and the disk from which it forms promote eccentricity growth. These interactions are concentrated at discrete Lindblad and corotation resonances. Interactions at principal Lindblad resonances cause the planet's orbit to migrate and open a gap in the disk if the planet is sufficiently massive. Those at first order Lindblad and corotation resonances change the planet's orbital eccentricity. Eccentricity is excited by interactions at external Lindblad resonances which are located on the opposite side of corotation from the planet, and damped by co-orbital Lindblad resonances which overlap the planet's orbit. If the planet clears a gap in the disk, the rate of eccentricity damping by co-orbital Lindblad resonances is reduced. Density gradients associated with the gap activate eccentricity damping by corotation resonances at a rate which initially marginally exceeds that of eccentricity excitation by external Lindblad resonances. But the corotation torque drives a mass flux which reduces the density gradient near the resonance. Sufficient partial saturation of corotation resonances can tip the balance in favor of eccentricity excitation. A minimal initial eccentricity of a few percent is required to overcome viscous diffusion which acts to unsaturate corotation resonances by reestablishing the large scale density gradient. Thus eccentricity growth is a finite amplitude instability. Formally, interactions at the apsidal resonance, which is a special kind of co-orbital Lindblad resonance, appears to damp eccentricity faster than external Lindblad resonances can excite it. However, apsidal waves have such long wavelengths that they do not propagate in protoplanetary disks. This reduces eccentricity damping by the apsidal resonance to a modest level.Comment: Submitted to Ap

Analisis Postur Kerja pada UKM Kerajinan Cor Aluminium

The work process in some aluminum cast aluminum craft shows a series of work that has the risk of injury. UKM Aluminum Correct Handicraft Correct in Bantul, Yogyakarta, untouched in the manufacture of household appliance such as wok as its output. SMEs are divided into several work processes, namely smelting, printing, pengikiran, lathe, brand attachment, and packing. From the results of preliminary observations, the problems encountered in the production process are with potential ergonomic hazard (ergonomic hazard). The posture and work area (less) are less ergonomic as well. The purpose of this study is the prevention of ergonomic hazards, especially with the analysis of work postures that can cause the risk of injury. The results of the work posture category on SME aluminum casting on operators 1 and 2 enter the acceleration category level 3 which requires immediate examination, while operator 3 enters in action level 2 (continued). Terms of repair work system on aluminum cast aluminum that is by changing the work station from work station stands to work station sitting stand at work station finishing and also add chair and table at work of thinking. Also note the stretching and periodic rest

Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Dalam Melestarikan Batang Aie Lunang Di Kenagarian Lunang Kecamatan Lunang Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan

This research aim to get information or data and analyse exhaustively about local wisdom of society in preserve bar of aie Lunang in Kenagarian Lunang District Of Lunang Sub-Province Coastal area of South. Result of research show 1) Knowledge of society about is important of him continuity of bar region of aie to life seen from willingness for bertanggungjawab about continuity of bar of aie in the form of prohibition order catching fish with fish poison and also do not impinge assumed order oppose against norm and value around bar of aie and also the existence of dubious to all breaking of the rule 2) Understanding of society about local wisdom in taking care of bar region of aie very is needed, because bar of aie represent one of the very natural resources many its function to life 3) Habit of regional society of bar of aie pertained goodness and still hold gentleman\u27s agreement firmness and norm going into effect seen from habit of society which do not use fish poison to catch fish, [do] not throw away garbage around bar of aie, using clothes which appropriately when bath in bar of aie and 4) Confidence of society that bar of aie the necessary for life of them and if impinging norm and order going into effect they believe the existence of dubious and debacle to which impinge it

Hubungan Motivasi Belajar dan Media Pembelajaran dengan Prestasi Belajar Sosiologi Siswa Kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 3 Boyolali Tahun Ajaran 2012/2013

. Suci Dwi Novia Sari . K8409063. HUBUNGAN MOTIVASIBELAJAR DAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PRESTASIBELAJAR SOSIOLOGI SISWA KELAS XI IPS SMA NEGERI 3BOYOLALI TAHUN AJARAN 2012/2013. Skripsi, Fakultas Keguruan danIlmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Juni 2013.Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui : (1) hubungan motivasibelajar dengan prestasi belajar siswa dalam belajar Sosiologi, (2) hubungan mediapembelajaran dengan prestasi belajar siswa dalam belajar Sosiologi, (3) hubunganmotivasi belajar dan media pembelajaran dengan prestasi belajar siswa dalambelajar Sosiologi. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di SMA Negeri 3 Boyolali.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kuantitatifkorelasional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa IPS (Ilmu PengetahuanSosial) kelas XI SMA Negeri 3 Boyolali Tahun Ajaran 2012/2013, sebesar 158siswa. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 25% dari keseluruhan populasisebanyak 40 siswa yang terbagi atas 4 kelas. Teknik sampling yang digunakanProporsional Random Sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan denganmenggunakan teknik angket dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang dipakaimenggunakan analisis statistik dengan Regresi Linier Berganda.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan hipotesis pertama “Adahubungan positif yang signifikan antara Motivasi Belajar dengan Prestasi BelajarSosiologi Siswa Kelas XI Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial SMA Negeri 3 BoyolaliTahun Ajaran 2012/2013, diterima”. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari analisis data yangmenunjukkan nilai (r) sebesar 0,763 dan (ρ) = 0,000 Hipotesis kedua “Adahubungan positif yang signifikan antara Media Pembelajaran Siswa denganPrestasi Belajar Sosiologi Siswa Kelas XI Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial SMA Negeri3 Boyolali Tahun Ajaran 2012/2013”, diterima. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasilanalisis data yang menujukkan nilai (r) sebesar 0,651 dan (ρ) = 0,000 Hipotesisketiga “Ada hubungan positif yang signifikan secara bersama Motivasi Belajardan Media Pembelajaran dengan Prestasi Belajar Sosiologi Siswa Kelas XI IlmuPengetahuan Sosial SMA Negeri 3 Boyolali Tahun Ajaran 2012/2013”, diterima.Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil analisis data yang menunjukkan data (r) sebesar0,813 dan (ρ) = 0,00