Ozone measurements from the NOAA-9 and the Nimbus-7 satellites: Implications of short and long term variabilities

An overview is given of the measurements of total ozne and ozone profiles by the SBUV/2 instrument on the NOAA-9 spacecraft relative to similar measurements from the SBUV and TOMS instruments on Nimbus-7. It is shown that during the three year period from March 14, 1985, to February 28, 1988, when these data sets overlap, there have been significant changes in the calibrations of the three instruments which may be attributed to the drift of the NOSS-9 orbit to later equator crossing times (for SBUV/2). These changes in instrument characteristics have affected the absolute values of the trends derived from the three instruments, but their geophysical characteristics and response to short term variations are accurate and correlate well among the three instruments. For example, the total column ozone measured by the three instruments shows excellent agreement with respect to its day to day, seasonal, and latitudinal variabilities. At high latitudes, the day to day fluctuations in total ozone show a strong positive correlation with temperature in the lower stratosphere, as one might expect from the dynamical coupling of the two parameters at these latitudes

Periodic force induced stabilization or destabilization of the denatured state of a protein

We have studied the effects of an external sinusoidal force in protein folding kinetics. The externally applied force field acts on the each amino acid residues of polypeptide chains. Our simulation results show that mean protein folding time first increases with driving frequency and then decreases passing through a maximum. With further increase of the driving frequency the mean folding time starts increasing as the noise-induced hoping event (from the denatured state to the native state) begins to experience many oscillations over the mean barrier crossing time period. Thus unlike one-dimensional barrier crossing problems, the external oscillating force field induces both \emph{stabilization or destabilization of the denatured state} of a protein. We have also studied the parametric dependence of the folding dynamics on temperature, viscosity, non-Markovian character of bath in presence of the external field

Floating Phase in 1D Transverse ANNNI Model

To study the ground state of ANNNI chain under transverse field as a function of frustration parameter $\kappa$ and field strength $\Gamma$, we present here two different perturbative analyses. In one, we consider the (known) ground state at $\kappa=0.5$ and $\Gamma=0$ as the unperturbed state and treat an increase of the field from 0 to $\Gamma$ coupled with an increase of $\kappa$ from 0.5 to $0.5+r\Gamma$ as perturbation. The first order perturbation correction to eigenvalue can be calculated exactly and we could conclude that there are only two phase transition lines emanating from the point $\kappa=0.5$, $\Gamma=0$. In the second perturbation scheme, we consider the number of domains of length 1 as the perturbation and obtain the zero-th order eigenfunction for the perturbed ground state. From the longitudinal spin-spin correlation, we conclude that floating phase exists for small values of transverse field over the entire region intermediate between the ferromagnetic phase and antiphase.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure

Critical Currents of Josephson-Coupled Wire Arrays

We calculate the current-voltage characteristics and critical current I_c^{array} of an array of Josephson-coupled superconducting wires. The array has two layers, each consisting of a set of parallel wires, arranged at right angles, such that an overdamped resistively-shunted junction forms wherever two wires cross. A uniform magnetic field equal to f flux quanta per plaquette is applied perpendicular to the layers. If f = p/q, where p and q are mutually prime integers, I_c^{array}(f) is found to have sharp peaks when q is a small integer. To an excellent approximation, it is found in a square array of n^2 plaquettes, that I_c^{array}(f) \propto (n/q)^{1/2} for sufficiently large n. This result is interpreted in terms of the commensurability between the array and the assumed q \times q unit cell of the ground state vortex lattice.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Hydrogen absorption properties of amorphous (Ni0.6Nb0.4−yTay)100−xZrx membranes

Ni based amorphous materials have great potential as hydrogen purification membranes. In the present work the melt spun (Ni0.6Nb0.4−yTay)100−xZrx with y=0, 0.1 and x=20, 30 was studied. The result of X-ray diffraction spectra of the ribbons showed an amorphous nature of the alloys. Heating these ribbons below T < 400 °C, even in a hydrogen atmosphere (1−10 bar), the amorphous structure was retained. The crystallization process was characterized by differential thermal analysis and the activation energy of such process was obtained. The hydrogen absorption properties of the samples in their amorphous state were studied by the volumetric method, and the results showed that the addition of Ta did not significantly influence the absorption properties, a clear change of the hydrogen solubility was observed with the variation of the Zr content. The values of the hydrogenation enthalpy changed from ~37 kJ/mol for x=30 to ~9 kJ/mol for x=20. The analysis of the volumetric data provides the indications about the hydrogen occupation sites during hydrogenation, suggesting that at the beginning of the absorption process the deepest energy levels are occupied, while only shallower energy levels are available at higher hydrogen content, with the available interstitial sites forming a continuum of energy levels

Desain Pengembangan Anak Usia Dini Holistik Integratif Paud Non Formal (Penelitian Research and Development Di Pos Paud Mutiara Kelurahan Lamper Lor Kecamatan Semarang Selatan)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) membuat desain pengembangan PAUD holistik integratif di PAUD non formal (2) memberikan pelayanan yang tepat secara holistik integratif untuk anak usia dini sejak dalam kandungan sampai usia enam tahun (3) bagaimana desain pengembangan PAUD holistik integratif yang dapat memberikan pelayanan mulai dari kesehatan, gizi, pengasuhan (parenting) dan pendidikan untuk anak usia dini , (4) Bagaimana mengintegrasikan BKB, pos PAUD dan Posyandu yang tepat sehingga lahirlah model kajian holistik integratifMetodologi yang dipilih untuk penelitian ini adalah penelitan Research and Development merupakan pilihan karena memiliki proses yang lebih kompleks dalam tahapan-tahapan yang dapat mengakomodasi beragam kepentingan penelitian ini. (Borg & Gall & 1989 :784-785).Hipotesis yang bisa diberikan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Desain holistik integratif yang diterapkan di PAUD non formal dalam hal ini Pos PAUD terintegrasi dengan BKB dan Posyandu ini sangat efektif dibandingkan dengan pelayanan anak usia dini yang hanya dilakukan oleh posyandu sendiri atau BKB sendiri. Ini dapat dilihat dari ketertarikan masyarakat dalam hal ini orang tua khususnya untuk datang ke posyandu integrasi BKB dan pos PAUD untuk mengetahui tentang pelayanan anak usia dini, (2)Pelayanan yang dapat diberikan pada PAUD holistik integratif ini dapat berupa layanan kesehatan mulai dari perawatan selama kehamilan sampai pasca melahirkan, kesehatan anak usia 0-6 tahun, pengetahuan gizi selama kehamilan sampai gizi untuk anak yang sedang tumbuh kembang, serta pendidikan untuk anak usia 0-6 tahun seperti stimulasi yang tepat untuk anak usia 0 ?óÔé¼ÔÇ£ 6 tahun, (3)Desain PAUD holistik integratif ini dapat dilakukan terintegrasi mulai dari pendaftaran, penimbangan, pemantauan tumbuh kembang, pelayanan gizi, serta pelayanan pendidikan serta kesehatan untuk anak usia dini, (4)Hasil penelitian tentang peningkatan pengetahuan orang tua mengenai masalah gizi, kesehatan dan pendidikan dapat dilihat dari hasil pre tes dan post tes yang dilakukan, dimana Dari output terlihat bahwa nilai means pretest = 11,63 lebih kecil dari nilai means postest= 20,25. Jadi rata-rata nilai postest lebih baik dari pada nilai pretest 16,14%