Archibald MacLeish, poet and dramatist: a study of thirty year\u27s criticism: 1932-1962

This dissertation is a study of criticism of the works of Archibald MacLeish. The period covered runs from 1932-1961. The study considers all the poetry and drama but none of the prose except for the papers on the Book of Job which MacLeish wrote in connection with his play J.B

Association of smoking and nicotine dependence with pre-diabetes in young and healthy adults.

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have shown an increased risk of type 2 diabetes among smokers. Therefore, the aim of this analysis was to assess the relationship between smoking, cumulative smoking exposure and nicotine dependence with pre-diabetes. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of healthy adults aged 25-41 in the Principality of Liechtenstein. Individuals with known diabetes, Body Mass Index (BMI) >35 kg/m² and prevalent cardiovascular disease were excluded. Smoking behaviour was assessed by self-report. Pre-diabetes was defined as glycosylated haemoglobin between 5.7% and 6.4%. Multivariable logistic regression models were done. RESULTS: Of the 2142 participants (median age 37 years), 499 (23.3%) had pre-diabetes. There were 1,168 (55%) never smokers, 503 (23%) past smokers and 471 (22%) current smokers, with a prevalence of pre-diabetes of 21.2%, 20.9% and 31.2%, respectively (p <0.0001). In multivariable regression models, current smokers had an odds ratio (OR) of pre-diabetes of 1.82 (95% confidential interval (CI) 1.39; 2.38, p <0.0001). Individuals with a smoking exposure of <5, 5-10 and >10 pack-years had an OR (95% CI) for pre-diabetes of 1.34 (0.90; 2.00), 1.80 (1.07; 3.01) and 2.51 (1.80; 3.59) (p linear trend <0.0001) compared with never smokers. A Fagerström score of 2, 3-5 and >5 among current smokers was associated with an OR (95% CI) for pre-diabetes of 1.27 (0.89; 1.82), 2.15 (1.48; 3.13) and 3.35 (1.73; 6.48) (p linear trend <0.0001). DISCUSSION: Smoking is strongly associated with pre-diabetes in young adults with a low burden of smoking exposure. Nicotine dependence could be a potential mechanism of this relationship

On the Significance of the Die Design for Electromagnetic Sheet Metal Forming

Electromagnetic Forming is a high speed forming process using a pulsed magnetic field to form metals with high electrical conductivity, such as copper or aluminium alloys. During the process, typical pressure peaks up to 200 MPa and velocities in the range of 300 m/s can be achieved. As significant process parameters the pressure maximum as well as the local and temporal varying pressure distribution have been identified. As of a certain drawing depth and distance between workpiece and tool coil, the pressure does not act any longer on the workpiece, but the deformation process is still driven by the inertia forces. It has been found out that the velocity distribution within the sheet metal during the forming stages as well as at the time of impact with a die significantly influences the forming result. Additionally, a special undesired effect is the rebound behaviour of flat workpiece areas being in contact with the die. To investigate the influence capability of the die concerning this effect, the parameters stiffness and damping properties have been varied by means of simulation using a mechanical substitute model

Effects of Electromagnetic and Hydraulic Forming Processes on the Microstructure of the Material

Over the past few years, various papers have been published in the field of high speed forming processes. The focus was mainly on the technological aspects of metal forming, however. Therefore, the present contribution puts an emphasis on transmission electron microscopy analyses. The present research work describes the effects of the two forming processes upon the aluminum microstructure and their influence on the material properties. The objective is to characterise the micro processes determining the plastic deformation with both forming velocities the electromagnetic high speed forming process with strain rates of 10,000 s^(-1) and the bulge test, having deformation rates of less than 0.1 s^(-1) as a quasistatic process. In this article sheet metals out of technical pure aluminum 99.5% with a thickness of 1 mm were investigated. To this end, sample specimens were taken from manufactured workpieces along the radius at various distances from the center. Because of the similarity of the forming paths, two places on the specimens manufactured at different forming rates were evaluated and compared to each other: immediately next to the blankholder and from the area of maximum strain. Metallographic tests of the structures, the sheet thickness, and the micro hardness distribution of the initial state and the formed sheet metals were executed in advance

Trends of epitaxial perovskite oxide films catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media

The oxygen evolution reaction OER is considered a key reaction for electrochemical energy conversion but slow kinetics hamper application in electrolyzers, metal air batteries and other applications that rely on sustainable protons from water oxidation. In this review, the prospect of epitaxial perovskite oxides for the OER at room temperature in alkaline media is reviewed with respect to fundamental insight into systematic trends of the activity. First, we thoroughly define the perovskite structure and its parameter space. Then, the synthesis methods used to make electrocatalytic epitaxial perovskite oxide are surveyed, and we classify the different kinds of electrodes that can be assembled for electrocatalytic investigations. We discuss the semiconductor physics of epitaxial perovskite electrodes and their consequences for the interpretation of catalytic results. Prototypical mechanisms of the OER are introduced and comparatively discussed. OER investigations on epitaxial perovskite oxides are comprehensively surveyed and selected trends are graphically highlighted. The review concludes with a short perspective on opportunities for future electrocatalytic research on epitaxial perovskite oxide system

Disparate data integration case for connected factories using timestamps

Manufacturing data integration of machine, process, and sensor data from the shop floor remains an important issue to achieve the anticipated business value of fully connected factories. Integrated manufacturing data has been a hallmark of Industry 4.0 initiatives, because integrated data precipitates better decision-making for cost, schedule, and system optimizations.  In this paper, we extend work on optimizing manufacturing costs, describing an algorithm using timestamps to integrate previously unassociated quality and test information, enabling us to better identify and eliminate redundant tests.  Results are provided and discussed, and we suggest the approach described may be valuable for some types of heterogeneous manufacturing data integration where timestamps and event chronologies are available

Calculation of the Tafel slope and reaction order of the oxygen evolution reaction between pH 12 and pH 14 for the adsorbate mechanism

Despite numerous experimental and theoretical studies devoted to the oxygen evolution reaction OER , the mechanism of the OER on transition metal oxides remains controversial. This is in part owing to the ambiguity of electrochemical parameters of the mechanism such as the Tafel slope and reaction orders. We took the most commonly assumed adsorbate mechanism and calculated the Tafel slopes and reaction orders with respect to pH based on microkinetic analysis using the steady state approximation. The analysis was performed for an ideal electrocatalyst without scaling of the intermediates as well as for one on the top of a volcano relation and one on each leg of the volcano relation which exhibits scaling of the intermediates. For these four cases, the number of possible Tafel slopes strongly depends on surface coverage. Furthermore, the Tafel slope becomes pH dependent when the coverage of intermediates changes with pH. These insights complicate the identification of a rate limiting step by a single Tafel slope at a single pH. Yet, simulations of reaction orders complementary to Tafel slopes can solve some ambiguities to distinguish between possible rate limiting steps. The most insightful information can be obtained from the low overpotential region of the Tafel plot. The simulations in this work provide clear guidelines to experimentalists for the identification of the limiting steps in the adsorbate mechanism using the observed values of the Tafel slope and reaction order in pH dependent studie