2,014 research outputs found
Joint Tensor Factorization and Outlying Slab Suppression with Applications
We consider factoring low-rank tensors in the presence of outlying slabs.
This problem is important in practice, because data collected in many
real-world applications, such as speech, fluorescence, and some social network
data, fit this paradigm. Prior work tackles this problem by iteratively
selecting a fixed number of slabs and fitting, a procedure which may not
converge. We formulate this problem from a group-sparsity promoting point of
view, and propose an alternating optimization framework to handle the
corresponding () minimization-based low-rank tensor
factorization problem. The proposed algorithm features a similar per-iteration
complexity as the plain trilinear alternating least squares (TALS) algorithm.
Convergence of the proposed algorithm is also easy to analyze under the
framework of alternating optimization and its variants. In addition,
regularization and constraints can be easily incorporated to make use of
\emph{a priori} information on the latent loading factors. Simulations and real
data experiments on blind speech separation, fluorescence data analysis, and
social network mining are used to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed
algorithm
SWEEPFINDER2: Increased sensitivity, robustness, and flexibility
SweepFinder is a popular program that implements a powerful likelihood-based
method for detecting recent positive selection, or selective sweeps. Here, we
present SweepFinder2, an extension of SweepFinder with increased sensitivity
and robustness to the confounding effects of mutation rate variation and
background selection, as well as increased flexibility that enables the user to
examine genomic regions in greater detail and to specify a fixed distance
between test sites. Moreover, SweepFinder2 enables the use of invariant sites
for sweep detection, increasing both its power and precision relative to
SweepFinder
The mind, the lab, and the field: Three kinds of populations in scientific practice
Scientists use models to understand the natural world, and it is important not to conflate model and nature. As an illustration, we distinguish three different kinds of populations in studies of ecology and evolution: theoretical, laboratory, and natural populations, exemplified by the work of R.A. Fisher, Thomas Park, and David Lack, respectively. Biologists are rightly concerned with all three types of populations. We examine the interplay between these different kinds of populations, and their pertinent models, in three examples: the notion of “effective” population size, the work of Thomas Park on /Tribolium/ populations, and model-based clustering algorithms such as /Structure/. Finally, we discuss ways to move safely between three distinct population types while avoiding confusing models and reality
Controlling the potential landscape and normal modes of ion Coulomb crystals by a standing wave optical potential
Light-induced control of ions within small Coulomb crystals is investigated.
By intense intracavity optical standing wave fields, subwavelength localization
of individual ions is achieved for one-, two-, and three-dimensional crystals.
Based on these findings, we illustrate numerically how the application of such
optical potentials can be used to tailor the normal mode spectra and patterns
of multi-dimensional Coulomb crystals. The results represent, among others,
important steps towards controlling the crystalline structure of Coulomb
crystals, investigating heat transfer processes at the quantum limit and
quantum simulations of many-body systems.Comment: 6+12 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1703.0508
K2P A photometry pipeline for the K2 mission
With the loss of a second reaction wheel, resulting in the inability to point
continuously and stably at the same field of view, the NASA Kepler satellite
recently entered a new mode of observation known as the K2 mission. The data
from this redesigned mission present a specific challenge; the targets
systematically drift in position on a ~6 hour time scale, inducing a
significant instrumental signal in the photometric time series --- this greatly
impacts the ability to detect planetary signals and perform asteroseismic
analysis. Here we detail our version of a reduction pipeline for K2 target
pixel data, which automatically: defines masks for all targets in a given
frame; extracts the target's flux- and position time series; corrects the time
series based on the apparent movement on the CCD (either in 1D or 2D) combined
with the correction of instrumental and/or planetary signals via the KASOC
filter (Handberg & Lund 2014), thus rendering the time series ready for
asteroseismic analysis; computes power spectra for all targets, and identifies
potential contaminations between targets. From a test of our pipeline on a
sample of targets from the K2 campaign 0, the recovery of data for multiple
targets increases the amount of potential light curves by a factor .
Our pipeline could be applied to the upcoming TESS (Ricker et al. 2014) and
PLATO 2.0 (Rauer et al. 2013) missions.Comment: 14 pages, 20 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journal (Apj
Pinning an Ion with an Intracavity Optical Lattice
We report one-dimensional pinning of a single ion by an optical lattice. The
lattice potential is produced by a standing-wave cavity along the rf-field-free
axis of a linear Paul trap. The ion's localization is detected by measuring its
fluorescence when excited by standing-wave fields with the same period, but
different spatial phases. The experiments agree with an analytical model of the
localization process, which we test against numerical simulations. For the best
localization achieved, the ion's average coupling to the cavity field is
enhanced from 50% to 81(3)% of its maximum possible value, and we infer that
the ion is bound in a lattice well with over 97% probability.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; Text edited for clarity, results unchange
Ultra-low-noise supercontinuum generation with a flat near-zero normal dispersion fiber
A pure silica photonic crystal fiber with a group velocity dispersion
() of 4 ps/km at 1.55 m and less than 7 ps/km from 1.32
m to the zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) 1.80 m was designed and
fabricated. The dispersion of the fiber was measured experimentally and found
to agree with the fiber design, which also provides low loss below 1.83 m
due to eight outer rings with increased hole diameter. The fiber was pumped
with a 1.55 m, 125 fs laser and, at the maximum in-coupled peak power
(P) of 9 kW, a 1.341.82 m low-noise spectrum with a relative
intensity noise below 2.2\% was measured. The numerical modeling agreed very
well with the experiments and showed that P could be increased to 26 kW
before noise from solitons above the ZDW started to influence the spectrum by
pushing high-noise dispersive waves through the spectrum
Paternal jobloss and unemployment and the labour market trajectories of their sons – a gender perspective
Gaussian-Charge Polarizable Interaction Potential for Carbon Dioxide
A number of simple pair interaction potentials of the carbon dioxide molecule
are investigated and found to underestimate the magnitude of the second virial
coefficient in the temperature interval 220 K to 448 K by up to 20%. Also the
third virial coefficient is underestimated by these models. A rigid,
polarizable, three-site interaction potential reproduces the experimental
second and third virial coefficients to within a few percent. It is based on
the modified Buckingham exp-6 potential, an anisotropic Axilrod-Teller
correction and Gaussian charge densities on the atomic sites with an inducible
dipole at the center of mass. The electric quadrupole moment, polarizability
and bond distances are set to equal experiment. Density of the fluid at 200 and
800 bars pressure is reproduced to within some percent of observation over the
temperature range 250 K to 310 K. The dimer structure is in passable agreement
with electronically resolved quantum-mechanical calculations in the literature,
as are those of the monohydrated monomer and dimer complexes using the
polarizable GCPM water potential. Qualitative agreement with experiment is also
obtained, when quantum corrections are included, for the relative stability of
the trimer conformations, which is not the case for the pair potentials.Comment: Error in the long-range correction fixed and three-body dispersion
introduced. 32 pages (incl. title page), 7 figures, 9 tables, double-space
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