The Science of the Einstein Telescope

Einstein Telescope (ET) is the European project for a gravitational-wave (GW)observatory of third-generation. In this paper we present a comprehensivediscussion of its science objectives, providing state-of-the-art predictionsfor the capabilities of ET in both geometries currently under consideration, asingle-site triangular configuration or two L-shaped detectors. We discuss theimpact that ET will have on domains as broad and diverse as fundamentalphysics, cosmology, early Universe, astrophysics of compact objects, physics ofmatter in extreme conditions, and dynamics of stellar collapse. We discuss howthe study of extreme astrophysical events will be enhanced by multi-messengerobservations. We highlight the ET synergies with ground-based and space-borneGW observatories, including multi-band investigations of the same sources,improved parameter estimation, and complementary information on astrophysicalor cosmological mechanisms obtained combining observations from differentfrequency bands. We present advancements in waveform modeling dedicated tothird-generation observatories, along with open tools developed within the ETCollaboration for assessing the scientific potentials of different detectorconfigurations. We finally discuss the data analysis challenges posed bythird-generation observatories, which will enable access to large populationsof sources and provide unprecedented precision.<br

Perilaku Masyarakat Desa terhadap Penyakit Malaria di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Abstract: To date, the number of malaria cases in North Sulawesi is still quite high which may be influenced by community behavior. Kauditan District, especially in Kaima village, is one of the areas in North Minahasa Regency that has the highest incidence of malaria. Moreover, community's behavior has changed greatly during the current Covid-19 pandemic. This study was aimed to determine the behavior of the Kaima village community, Kauditan District, North Minahasa Regency towards malaria during the Covid-19 pandemic. This was a descriptive study. There were 100 people of Kaima village as respondents in this study. The results showed that based on the level of knowledge about malaria, 66 respondents (66%) had good knowledge. Based on the attitudes towards malaria, 95 respondents (95%) had good attitudes. Based on the action against malaria, 61 respondents (61%) had good action. In conclusion, during Covid-19 pandemic, people of Kaima village had good knowledge about the malaria incidence, however, there was lack of knowledge about the types and activities of biting of the mosquitoes. Moreover, people of Kaima village had good attitude and good actions towards malaria incidence, albeit, there are still obstacles in implementing these actions.Keywords: behavior; malaria; Covid-19  Abstrak: Angka kasus malaria di Sulawesi Utara yang masih cukup tinggi mungkin dipengaruhi oleh perilaku masyarakat. Kecamatan Kauditan terlebih khusus di desa Kaima merupakan salah satu daerah di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara yang memiliki angka kejadia malaria tertinggi. Di masa pandemi Covid-19, perilaku masyarakat sudah sangat berubah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku masyarakat Desa Kaima Kecamatan Kauditan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara terhadap penyakit malaria di masa pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif. Terdapat 100 responden dalam penelitian ini yang merupakan masyarakat Desa Kaima. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa berdasarkan tingkat pengetahuan terhadap penyakit malaria didapatkan subjek yang berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 66 orang (66%). Berdasarkan sikap terhadap penyakit malaria didapatkan subjek yang mempunyai sikap baik sebanyak 95 orang (95%). Berdasarkan tindakan terhadap penyakit malaria didapatkan subjek yang mempunyai tindakan baik sebanyak 61 orang (61%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pada masyarakat Desa Kaima di masa pandemi Covid-19, pengetahuan terhadap kejadian malaria secara keseluruhan sudah baik namun masyarakat masih kurang pengetahuan mengenai jenis dan aktivitas mengigit nyamuk, Sikap masyarakat dan tindakan masyarakat terhadap kejadian malaria sudah baik, namun terdapat kendala dalam pelaksanaan tindakan tersebut. Kata kunci: perilaku masyarakat; malaria; pandemi Covid-19</jats:p

Weak correlation of starch and volume in synchronized photosynthetic cells

In cultures of unicellular algae, features of single cells, such as cellular volume and starch content, are thought to be the result of carefully balanced growth and division processes. Single-cell analyses of synchronized photoautotrophic cultures of the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reveal, however, that the cellular volume and starch content are only weakly correlated. Likewise, other cell parameters, e.g., the chlorophyll content per cell, are only weakly correlated with cell size. We derive the cell size distributions at the beginning of each synchronization cycle considering growth, timing of cell division and daughter cell release, and the uneven division of cell volume. Furthermore, we investigate the link between cell volume growth and starch accumulation. This work presents evidence that, under the experimental conditions of light-dark synchronized cultures, the weak correlation between both cell features is a result of a cumulative process rather than due to asymmetric partition of biomolecules during cell division. This cumulative process necessarily limits cellular similarities within a synchronized cell population