Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon CMK-3 and CMK-5 Materials and Their Application for Drug Loading-Release System

The different structure of ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3 and CMK-5 material was synthesized via a hard template route using SBA-15 and Al-SBA-15 as hard castings and sucrose as the carbon source. The first hard casting, mesoporous silica SBA-15 was synthesized via soft-templating route using block copolymer (P-123) as directing agent and tetraethoxysilane as the silica source. The second hard casting, mesoporous silica Al-SBA-15 was synthesized via incorporating route using SBA-15 as supporting material and Al2O3 as an aluminum precursor. Characterization of a mesoporous texture of the samples was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques, and FTIR. The loading release performance of CMK-3 and CMK-5 was investigated by ibuprofen molecule as a drug model. We found that CMK-5 had a better loading capacity than CMK-3 as determined by their performance results in releasing ibuprofen in which the release rate of mesoporous structure of CMK-5 was slower than CMK-5 due to the power of anchor nanorod of carbon. Keywords: mesoporous, carbonization, carbon, CMK-3, CMK-5, loading, release, ibuprofe

Synthesis And Characterization Of Zsm-5 Mesoporous With Variation Ratios Of Sio2/al2o3

ZSM-5 Mesoporous with variation ratios of SiO2/Al2O3 20, 35, 50, and 100 have been successfully synthesized. Phase of mesoporous created using Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) templates. Crystal obtained has an acidity and higher thermal stability. Diffraction peaks typical of ZSM-5 appeared at 2θ = 7-9 ° and 2 θ = 23.02 °, while typical peak of mesoporous materi als appeared on 2

The use of the combination of ftir, Pyridine adsorption, 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR to determine the Brönsted and lewis acidic sites

Lewis and Brönsted acidity were studied on ZSM-5 with combination of pyridine adsorption and FTIR vibration, ZSM-5 synthesized using kaolin Bangka Indonesia with an increase in the molar ratio of Si/Al 30-60 without pre-treatment and without organic templates and with seeds silicalite. Interestingly, the intensity of the infrared showed an increase of band vibration pyridine as absorbed Brönsted and Lewis acid sites in a molar ratio increase of Si/Al in ZSM-5, indicating an increase in the number of silanol (Brönsted acid) and deformed silica (Lewis acid) because the amount of Aluminum in ZSM-5 decrease with increase Si/Al but amount acidity increase. 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR analysis was supported by the results of infrared to indicate that all of the aluminum atom is coordinated with their neighbors are the same in ordering the ZSM-5 framework and 27Al MAS NMR showed a sharp peak of all the variations of Si/Al except the Si/Al 30 shows a low peak area. XRD analysis supported that the ZSM-5 structure formed is pure and crystal and a decrease in crystallinity proven for more than Si/Al 50, that defects silica occurs in ZSM-5, this corresponds to the growing number of Lewis acid sites caused by defects silica described the infrared results

A review on recent bimetallic catalyst development for synthetic natural gas production via CO methanation

CO methanation has arisen as an attractive research area due to its ability to transform syngas into substituted natural gas. Current monometallic catalysts have a severe problem; quickly deactivated. It is generally known that by introducing another metal to create a bimetallic catalyst, synergistic interaction between both metals considerably enhances catalyst effectiveness. This paper provides a detailed overview of bimetallic catalysts for CO methanation, covering its synthesis method and effect on physicochemical characteristics. The bimetallic catalyst can both reinforce or weaken the metal-support and metal-metal interaction, which weakening it favors reducibility while reinforcing it favors stability. Particle size and dispersion also improve, whereas adding lanthanides can increases the basicity. We also present the mechanism of CO methanation over the bimetallic catalyst, which modifies the mechanism's energy and rate value. This review provides insights on how reaction effectiveness is enhanced, enabling catalyst development with the highest possible performance

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KEMIRI SUNAN (Reutealis trisperma Oil) DENGAN KATALIS KOH (VARIASI KONSENTRASI KATALIS)

<p class="BasicParagraph"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p class="AbstakIndo">__________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p>Pada penelitian ini <em>new feedstock</em> biodesel diproduksi dari <em>crude</em> minyak kemiri sunan (<em>Reutealis Trisperma-Oil</em>) (RETRO). RETRO adalah minyak tumbuhan yang melimpah di Indonesia dan belum tereksploitasi dikarenakan sifatnya yang beracun. RETRO disiapkan melalui reaksi esterifikasi dengan metanol menggunakan katalis asam sulfat untuk menurunkan nilai <em>Free </em><em>F</em><em>atty Acid</em> (FFA) dan dilanjutkan reaksi transesterifikasi dengan metanol dan katalis basa. Reaksi transesterifikasi RETRO menggunakan katalis kalsium hidroksida (KOH) pada variasi 0,5–2,0 %wt minyak telah dilakukan pada suhu 65 °C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa y<em>ield</em> biodesel meningkat dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi katalis (pada 0,5-1,0 %wt) dan menurun dengan konsentrasi katalis (pada 1,5-2.0 %wt). Hasil <em>Fatty Acid Methyl Ester </em>(FAME) optimum sebesar 83,33% diperoleh dengan menggunakan katalis KOH dengan konsentrasi katalis 1 %wt minyak. Karakterisasi hasil biodesel RETRO dilakukan dengan membandingkannya dengan ASTM D6751-02 diperoleh angka asam 0,55 mgKOH/g, densitas 0,90 g/cm³, viskositas 10,6 cSt pada suhu 40 ^oC, angka setana 54,7 serta residu karbon<em> </em>0,24%.</p> <p class="IsiAbstrakIndo"> </p> <p class="AbstakIndo"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><em></em></p> <p class="BasicParagraph">__________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p class="BasicParagraph"><em>In this research new feedstock biodiesel was produced from Crude Reutealis Trisperma-Oil (RETRO). RETRO is vegetable oil that is overabundance in Indonesia it has not been explored because of its toxicity. RETRO was prepared through the reaction of esterification with methanol by using sulfuric acid catalyst to decrease Free Fatty Acid (FFA), and then transesterification reaction of refined RETRO was performed with methanol by using the alkaline catalyst. RETRO transesterification  reaction using potassium hidroxyde (KOH) as catalyst with variation of 0.5 – 2,0 wt% of oil has been done at 65 °C. The biodiesel yield increased with the catalyst concentration increasing of 0,5-1,0 wt% and decreased when the catalys concentration of 1,5-2,0 wt%. The optimum yield of  fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was 83,33 %, it was obtained with various KOH catalyst at the oil catalyst concentration of 1,0 wt% . The characterization of RETRO biodiesel was done by comparing it with ASTM D6751-02 method, and it got the acid number of 0,55 mgKOH/g, density of 0,90 g/cm³, viscosity of 10,63 cSt at 40 °C, cetane number of 54,7 and carbon residue of  0,24%.</em></p