I Rest My Case! The Possibilities and Limitations of Blockchain-Based IP Protection

We have identified, mapped and discussed existing research on Blockchain-based solutions for intellectual property (IP) protection, an investigation that emerged from a case in antibody production for scientific and medical applications. To that end, we have performed a systematic literature review and created an instrument that classifies the contributions according to the materiality of the object they protect (from immaterial to physical), the type of protection (authorship notarization or prevention of illegal use) and the type of research (conceptual or empirical). Our results can be used to understand which avenues to pursue in the effort to create a new generation of more effective technology-assisted IP protection systems, a priority for 152 signatory countries of the patent cooperation treaty

Emergence of dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine in HIV-1- infected patients treated with zidovudine plus lamivudine as initial therapy

Presence of mutations associated with resistance to zidovudine or lamivudine was determined in isolates of HIV-1 obtained after long-term follow-up of 64 infected individuals who received zidovudine, lamivudine, or both drugs as initial antiretroviral therapy. Zidovudine resistance mutations were less frequent in isolates from patients treated with combination lamivudine plus zidovudine compared with zidovudine alone, but these mutations accumulated over time. Phenotypic resistance to both drugs was found in isolates from 3 of 23 patients. In 3 other patients, lamivudine- resistant virus detected at week 12 was replaced by wild-type virus after longer follow-up, which correlated with a return to baseline levels of plasma HIV-1 RNA. These results show that dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine develops over time despite the delayed emergence of zidovudine- resistant mutations. These results also suggest a selective advantage in vivo for HIV-1 species that are wild-type at RT codon 184

BIOPRÓTESE TRAQUEAL

O conteúdo do presente estudo é resultado da substituição de um terço do comprimento da traqueja de cães, por bioprótese de tecido traqueal homólogo preservado em glutaraldeído tamponado a 2,5%. Quatorze cães sem raça definida, pesando entre 10 e 20kg, receberam os implantes ortotópicos através de anastomose término-terminal, que em seguida foram envelopados com retalho muscular (sternothyroideus e sternohyoideus). Os animais foram acompanhados clinicamente durante o pós-operatório e as biopróteses avaliadas através de exames anatomo-patológicos, radiológicos e endoscópicos, no sétimo, décimo quinto, trigésimo e quadragésimo dia após a implantação