IMPLEMENTASI PEMBERDAYAAN KAMPUNG KELUARGA BERKUALITAS DALAM RANGKA PERCEPATAN PENURUNAN STUNTING

Pemerintah menerbitkan Instruksi Presiden Republik Indonesia (Inpres) Nomor 3 Tahun 2022 tentang Optimalisasi Penyelenggaraan Kampung Keluarga Berkualitas. Inpres yang dapat diakses pada laman JDIH Sekretariat Kabinet ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM) dan memberdayakan serta memperkuat institusi keluarga melalui optimalisasi penyelenggaraan kampung keluarga berkualitas di setiap desa/kelurahan. Perkembangan kampung KB di propinsi Maluku cukup baik karena telah terbentuk kampung KB hampir di seluruh kabupaten/kota. Hal ini menjadi penting karena untuk meningkatkan keakuratan data kependudukan maka melalui kampung KB maka ketersediaan data penduduk akan semakin baik. Jumlah kampung KB di Propinsi Maluku sebanyak 400 dengan klasifikasi dasar sebanyak 83,29%, berkembang sebanyak 12,66%, mandiri sebanyak 0,75% dan berkelanjutan sebanyak 3,29%. Terlihat bahwa klasifikasi kampung KB pada kabupaten/kota penyebarannya belum seimbang. Perlu pendampingan kader kampung KB  supaya terus mengarah ke fase berikutnya. Program Dapur Sehat Atasi Stunting (Dashat) diharapkan mampu mengubah pola perilaku masyarakat, dalam penyiapan gizi seimbang yang dimulai keluarga. Dashat sebagai program pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam upaya pemenuhan gizi seimbang

Relationship between visual field loss and contrast threshold elevation in glaucoma

BACKGROUND: There is a considerable body of literature which indicates that contrast thresholds for the detection of sinusoidal grating patterns are abnormally high in glaucoma, though just how these elevations are related to the location of visual field loss remains unknown. Our aim, therefore, has been to determine the relationship between contrast threshold elevation and visual field loss in corresponding regions of the peripheral visual field in glaucoma patients. METHODS: Contrast thresholds were measured in arcuate regions of the superior, inferior, nasal and temporal visual field in response to laser interference fringes presented in the Maxwellian view. The display consisted of vertical green stationary laser interference fringes of spatial frequency 1.0 c deg(-1 )which appeared in a rotatable viewing area in the form of a truncated quadrant extending from 10 to 20° from fixation which was marked with a central fixation light. Results were obtained from 36 normal control subjects in order to provide a normal reference for 21 glaucoma patients and 5 OHT (ocular hypertensive) patients for whom full clinical data, including Friedmann visual fields, had been obtained. RESULTS: Abnormally high contrast thresholds were identified in 20 out of 21 glaucoma patients and in 2 out of 5 OHT patients when compared with the 95% upper prediction limit for normal values from one eye of the 36 normal age-matched control subjects. Additionally, inter-ocular differences in contrast threshold were also abnormally high in 18 out of 20 glaucoma patients who had vision in both eyes compared with the 95% upper prediction limit. Correspondence between abnormally high contrast thresholds and visual field loss in the truncated quadrants was significant in 5 patients, borderline in 4 patients and absent in 9 patients. CONCLUSION: While the glaucoma patients tested in our study invariably had abnormally high contrast thresholds in one or more of the truncated quadrants in at least one eye, reasonable correspondence with the location of the visual field loss only occurred in half the patients studied. Hence, while contrast threshold elevations are indicative of glaucomatous damage to vision, they are providing a different assessment of visual function from conventional visual field tests

Long-Term Continental Changes in Wing Length, but Not Bill Length, of a Long-Distance Migratory Shorebird

We compiled a >50‐year record of morphometrics for semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla), a shorebird species with a Nearctic breeding distribution and intercontinental migration to South America. Our data included >57,000 individuals captured 1972–2015 at five breeding locations and three major stopover sites, plus 139 museum specimens collected in earlier decades. Wing length increased by ca. 1.5 mm (>1%) prior to 1980, followed by a decrease of 3.85 mm (nearly 4%) over the subsequent 35 years. This can account for previously reported changes in metrics at a migratory stopover site from 1985 to 2006. Wing length decreased at a rate of 1,098 darwins, or 0.176 haldanes, within the ranges of other field studies of phenotypic change. Bill length, in contrast, showed no consistent change over the full period of our study. Decreased body size as a universal response of animal populations to climate warming, and several other potential mechanisms, are unable to account for the increasing and decreasing wing length pattern observed. We propose that the post‐WWII near‐extirpation of falcon populations and their post‐1973 recovery driven by the widespread use and subsequent limitation on DDT in North America selected initially for greater flight efficiency and latterly for greater agility. This predation danger hypothesis accounts for many features of the morphometric data and deserves further investigation in this and other species

Long-distance migratory shorebirds travel faster towards their breeding grounds, but fly faster post-breeding

Long-distance migrants are assumed to be more time-limited during the pre-breeding season compared to the post-breeding season. Although breeding-related time constraints may be absent post-breeding, additional factors such as predation risk could lead to time constraints that were previously underestimated. By using an automated radio telemetry system, we compared pre- and post-breeding movements of long-distance migrant shorebirds on a continent-wide scale. From 2014 to 2016, we deployed radio transmitters on 1,937 individuals of 4 shorebird species at 13 sites distributed across North America. Following theoretical predictions, all species migrated faster during the pre-breeding season, compared to the post-breeding season. These differences in migration speed between seasons were attributable primarily to longer stopover durations in the post-breeding season. In contrast, and counter to our expectations, all species had higher airspeeds during the post-breeding season, even after accounting for seasonal differences in wind. Arriving at the breeding grounds in good body condition is beneficial for survival and reproductive success and this energetic constraint might explain why airspeeds are not maximised in the pre-breeding season. We show that the higher airspeeds in the post-breeding season precede a wave of avian predators, which could suggest that migrant shorebirds show predation-minimizing behaviour during the post-breeding season. Our results reaffirm the important role of time constraints during northward migration and suggest that both energy and predation-risk constrain migratory behaviour during the post-breeding season

The Effect of Dipping Tobacco on Pulse Wave Analysis among Adult Males

Background. The current study investigated the effect of dipping tobacco (DT) use on arterial wall stiffness which is a known marker of increased risk of cardiovascular events. Methods. A case-control study which included 101 adult males was carried out in Al-Shaab Teaching Hospital. Blood pressure and pulse wave analysis parameters were recorded in 51 DT users (study group) before and after 30 minutes of placing tobacco and in 50 nontobacco users (control group). Anthropometric measurements were collected using data collection sheet. Data were entered into a computer and analyzed by using the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results. At baseline measurements, heart rate (HR) was significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (66.15±9.21 vs. 72.87±10.13 beats/min; P value ≤ 0.001). Subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) was significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (203.44±30.34 vs. 179.11±30.51%; P value ≤ 0.001). Acute effects of DT compared to pretobacco dipping showed significant increase in HR (72.50±10.89 vs. 66.15±9.21 beats/min; P value ≤ 0.001) and significant decrease in augmentation pressure (AP) (4.30 (2.30-8.00) vs. 3.30 (0.60-6.3) mmHg; P value ≤ 0.001), ejection duration (ED) (271.65±19.42 vs. 279.53±20.47 ms; P value ≤ 0.001), and SEVR (187.11±29.81 vs. 203.44±30.34; P value ≤ 0.001). Linear regression analysis for AP predictor showed that only HR and AIx@75 affect and predict the values of AP (Beta±SE; −0.242±0.019, P value ≤ 0.001; 0.685±0.014, P value ≤ 0.001). Conclusions. Long-term use of DT was not associated with permanent changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Acute tobacco dipping caused an acute increase in heart rate and oxygen demands of myocardium